Hi Mikołaj
I am Dave, an Independent Advisor, I will help you with this . . .
There is a known bug in Windows 10 updates, what happens during an update is, your user profile is set aside and a temp profile is used for the update, then when your PC restarts at the end of the update, your user profile is restored
Sometimes, your user profile is not restored when the PC Restarts at the end of the update, and you are then logged into a temporary profile and it looks like all your data is gone, that is the known bug
The general fix is, to restart the PC 4 times and your user profile is restored
However, the sequence of events on your PC were as follows:
After the update, you were logged into the Temporary profile
You found your files and copied them into the Temporary profile
Then, when you restarted your PC, your original profile was restored, and the temporary profile, along with all your files were deleted
The only hope you have is to try another 3rd party recovery utility to see if it can find and recover your files, and it is very important to not recover your files to the same drive, because you may overwrite other files you are trying to recover . . .
I am just a user like you, so, please don't shoot the messenger