StructLayoutAttribute 类

定义

public ref class StructLayoutAttribute sealed : Attribute

[System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Class | System.AttributeTargets.Struct, Inherited=false)]
public sealed class StructLayoutAttribute : Attribute

[System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Class | System.AttributeTargets.Struct, Inherited=false)]
[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
public sealed class StructLayoutAttribute : Attribute

[<System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Class | System.AttributeTargets.Struct, Inherited=false)>]
type StructLayoutAttribute = class
    inherit Attribute

[<System.AttributeUsage(System.AttributeTargets.Class | System.AttributeTargets.Struct, Inherited=false)>]
[<System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)>]
type StructLayoutAttribute = class
    inherit Attribute

Public NotInheritable Class StructLayoutAttribute
Inherits Attribute

继承

Object

Attribute

StructLayoutAttribute

属性

AttributeUsageAttribute ComVisibleAttribute

示例

以下示例演示函数的GetSystemTime托管声明，并定义具有LayoutKind.Explicit布局的MySystemTime类。 GetSystemTime 获取系统时间并打印到控制台。

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;


[StructLayout(LayoutKind::Explicit,Size=16,CharSet=CharSet::Ansi)]
value class MySystemTime
{
public:

   [FieldOffset(0)]
   short wYear;

   [FieldOffset(2)]
   short wMonth;

   [FieldOffset(4)]
   short wDayOfWeek;

   [FieldOffset(6)]
   short wDay;

   [FieldOffset(8)]
   short wHour;

   [FieldOffset(10)]
   short wMinute;

   [FieldOffset(12)]
   short wSecond;

   [FieldOffset(14)]
   short wMilliseconds;
};

ref class NativeMethods
{
public:

   [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
   static void GetSystemTime( MySystemTime * st );
};

int main()
{
   try
   {
      MySystemTime sysTime;
      NativeMethods::GetSystemTime(  &sysTime );
      Console::WriteLine( "The System time is {0}/{1}/{2} {3}:{4}:{5}", sysTime.wDay, sysTime.wMonth, sysTime.wYear, sysTime.wHour, sysTime.wMinute, sysTime.wSecond );
   }
   catch ( TypeLoadException^ e ) 
   {
      Console::WriteLine( "TypeLoadException : {0}", e->Message );
   }
   catch ( Exception^ e ) 
   {
      Console::WriteLine( "Exception : {0}", e->Message );
   }

}

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;

namespace InteropSample
{

   [StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size=16, CharSet=CharSet.Ansi)]
   public class MySystemTime
   {
      [FieldOffset(0)]public ushort wYear;
      [FieldOffset(2)]public ushort wMonth;
      [FieldOffset(4)]public ushort wDayOfWeek;
      [FieldOffset(6)]public ushort wDay;
      [FieldOffset(8)]public ushort wHour;
      [FieldOffset(10)]public ushort wMinute;
      [FieldOffset(12)]public ushort wSecond;
      [FieldOffset(14)]public ushort wMilliseconds;
   }

   internal static class NativeMethods
   {
      [DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
      internal static extern void GetSystemTime([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStruct)]MySystemTime st);
   };

   class TestApplication
   {
      public static void Main()
      {
         try
         {
            MySystemTime sysTime = new MySystemTime();
            NativeMethods.GetSystemTime(sysTime);
            Console.WriteLine("The System time is {0}/{1}/{2} {3}:{4}:{5}", sysTime.wDay,
               sysTime.wMonth, sysTime.wYear, sysTime.wHour, sysTime.wMinute, sysTime.wSecond);
         }
         catch(TypeLoadException e)
         {
            Console.WriteLine("TypeLoadException : " + e.Message);
         }
         catch(Exception e)
         {
            Console.WriteLine("Exception : " + e.Message);
         }
      }
   }
}

Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices

Namespace InteropSample

   <StructLayout(LayoutKind.Explicit, Size:=16, CharSet:=CharSet.Ansi)> _
   Public Class MySystemTime
      <FieldOffset(0)> Public wYear As Short
      <FieldOffset(2)> Public wMonth As Short
      <FieldOffset(4)> Public wDayOfWeek As Short
      <FieldOffset(6)> Public wDay As Short
      <FieldOffset(8)> Public wHour As Short
      <FieldOffset(10)> Public wMinute As Short
      <FieldOffset(12)> Public wSecond As Short
      <FieldOffset(14)> Public wMilliseconds As Short
   End Class


   Friend Class NativeMethods

      <DllImport("kernel32.dll")> _
      Friend Shared Sub GetSystemTime(<MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStruct)> ByVal st As MySystemTime)
      End Sub
   End Class

   Class TestApplication

      Public Shared Sub Main()
         Try
            Dim sysTime As New MySystemTime()
            NativeMethods.GetSystemTime(sysTime)
            Console.WriteLine("The System time is {0}/{1}/{2} {3}:{4}:{5}", sysTime.wDay, sysTime.wMonth, sysTime.wYear, sysTime.wHour, sysTime.wMinute, sysTime.wSecond)
         Catch e As TypeLoadException
            Console.WriteLine(("TypeLoadException : " + e.Message.ToString()))
         Catch e As Exception
            Console.WriteLine(("Exception : " + e.Message.ToString()))
         End Try
      End Sub
   End Class
End Namespace 'InteropSample

注解

可以将此属性应用于类或结构。

公共语言运行时控制托管内存中类或结构的数据字段的物理布局。 但是，如果要将类型传递给非托管代码，可以使用 StructLayoutAttribute 属性来控制该类型的非托管布局。 将 属性与 一起使用 LayoutKind.Sequential 可强制成员按其出现顺序进行布局。 对于 blittable 类型， LayoutKind.Sequential 控制托管内存中的布局和非托管内存中的布局。 对于非 blittable 类型，当类或结构封送到非托管代码时，它控制布局，但不控制托管内存中的布局。 将 属性与 结合使用 LayoutKind.Explicit 来控制每个数据成员的精确位置。 这会影响 blittable 和非 blittable 类型的托管和非托管布局。 Using LayoutKind.Explicit 要求使用 FieldOffsetAttribute 特性来指示每个字段在类型中的位置。

默认情况下，C#、Visual Basic 和 C++ 编译器会将 Sequential 布局值应用于结构。 对于类，必须显式应用 LayoutKind.Sequential 值。 Tlbimp.exe (类型库导入程序) 也应用 StructLayoutAttribute 属性;它始终在导入类型库时应用 LayoutKind.Sequential 值。

另请参阅

• Tlbimp.exe（类型库导入程序）