Action<T1,T2> 委托

参考

定义

命名空间:: System

程序集:: System.Runtime.dll

程序集:: System.Core.dll

程序集:: mscorlib.dll

程序集:: netstandard.dll

重要

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封装一个方法，该方法具有两个参数且不返回值。

generic <typename T1, typename T2>
public delegate void Action(T1 arg1, T2 arg2);

public delegate void Action<in T1,in T2>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2);

public delegate void Action<T1,T2>(T1 arg1, T2 arg2);

type Action<'T1, 'T2> = delegate of 'T1 * 'T2 -> unit

Public Delegate Sub Action(Of In T1, In T2)(arg1 As T1, arg2 As T2)

Public Delegate Sub Action(Of T1, T2)(arg1 As T1, arg2 As T2)

类型参数

T1

此委托封装的方法的第一个参数的类型。

这是逆变类型参数。即，可以使用指定的类型，也可以使用派生程度较低的任何类型。有关协变和逆变的详细信息，请参阅泛型中的协变和逆变。

T2

此委托封装的方法的第二个参数的类型。

这是逆变类型参数。即，可以使用指定的类型，也可以使用派生程度较低的任何类型。有关协变和逆变的详细信息，请参阅泛型中的协变和逆变。

参数

arg1: T1

此委托封装的方法的第一个参数。

arg2: T2

此委托封装的方法的第二个参数。

注解

可以使用 Action<T1,T2> 委托将方法作为参数传递，而无需显式声明自定义委托。封装的方法必须与此委托定义的方法签名相对应。这意味着封装方法必须具有两个参数，两个参数均按值传递给它，并且不能返回值。 (C# 中，该方法必须返回 void。在 F# 中，方法或函数必须返回单位。在Visual Basic中，它必须由 ... 定义Sub``End Sub construct。它也可以是返回忽略的值的方法。) 通常，此类方法用于执行操作。

备注

若要引用具有两个参数并返回值的方法，请改用泛型 Func<T1,T2,TResult> 委托。

使用 Action<T1,T2> 委托时，无需显式定义封装具有两个参数的方法的委托。例如，以下代码显式声明名为 ConcatStrings.. 然后，它将对两个方法之一的引用分配给其委托实例。一种方法将两个字符串写入控制台：第二个字符串将两个字符串写入文件。

using System;
using System.IO;

delegate void ConcatStrings(string string1, string string2);

public class TestDelegate
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string message1 = "The first line of a message.";
      string message2 = "The second line of a message.";
      ConcatStrings concat;

      if (Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1)
         concat = WriteToFile;
      else
         concat = WriteToConsole;

      concat(message1, message2);
   }

   private static void WriteToConsole(string string1, string string2)
   {
      Console.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
   }

   private static void WriteToFile(string string1, string string2)
   {
      StreamWriter writer = null;
      try
      {
         writer = new StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()[1], false);
         writer.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
      }
      catch
      {
         Console.WriteLine("File write operation failed...");
      }
      finally
      {
         if (writer != null) writer.Close();
      }
   }
}

open System
open System.IO

type ConcatStrings = delegate of string1: string * string1: string -> unit

let message1 = "The first line of a message"
let message2 = "The second line of a message"

let writeToConsole string1 string2 = 
    printfn $"{string1}\n{string2}"

let writeToFile string1 string2 =
    use writer = new StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().[1], false)
    writer.WriteLine $"{string1}\n{string2}"

let concat =
    ConcatStrings(fun string1 string2 ->
        if Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1 then
            writeToFile string1 string2
        else
            writeToConsole string1 string2
    )

concat.Invoke(message1, message2)

Imports System.IO

Delegate Sub ConcatStrings(string1 As String, string2 As String)

Module TestDelegate
   Public Sub Main()
      
      Dim message1 As String = "The first line of a message."
      Dim message2 As String = "The second line of a message."
      Dim concat As ConcatStrings
      
      If Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1 Then
         concat = AddressOf WriteToFile
      Else
         concat = AddressOf WriteToConsole
      End If   
      concat(message1, message2)         
   End Sub
   
   Private Sub WriteToConsole(string1 As String, string2 As String)
      Console.WriteLine("{0}{1}{2}", string1, vbCrLf, string2)
   End Sub
   
   Private Sub WriteToFile(string1 As String, string2 As String)
      Dim writer As StreamWriter = Nothing  
      Try
         writer = New StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs(1), False)
         writer.WriteLine("{0}{1}{2}", string1, vbCrLf, string2)
      Catch
         Console.WriteLine("File write operation failed...")
      Finally
         If writer IsNot Nothing Then writer.Close
      End Try      
   End Sub
End Module

以下示例通过实例化 Action<T1,T2> 委托而不是显式定义新委托并向其分配命名方法来简化此代码。

using System;
using System.IO;

public class TestAction2
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string message1 = "The first line of a message.";
      string message2 = "The second line of a message.";
      Action<string, string> concat;

      if (Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1)
         concat = WriteToFile;
      else
         concat = WriteToConsole;

      concat(message1, message2);
   }

   private static void WriteToConsole(string string1, string string2)
   {
      Console.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
   }

   private static void WriteToFile(string string1, string string2)
   {
      StreamWriter writer = null;
      try
      {
         writer = new StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()[1], false);
         writer.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
      }
      catch
      {
         Console.WriteLine("File write operation failed...");
      }
      finally
      {
         if (writer != null) writer.Close();
      }
   }
}

open System
open System.IO

let message1 = "The first line of a message"
let message2 = "The second line of a message"

let writeToConsole string1 string2 = 
    printfn $"{string1}\n{string2}"

let writeToFile string1 string2 =
    use writer = new StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().[1], false)
    writer.WriteLine $"{string1}\n{string2}"

let concat =
    Action<string, string>(fun string1 string2 ->
        if Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1 then
            writeToFile string1 string2
        else
            writeToConsole string1 string2
    )

concat.Invoke(message1, message2)

Imports System.IO

Module TestAction2
   Public Sub Main()
      
      Dim message1 As String = "The first line of a message."
      Dim message2 As String = "The second line of a message."
      Dim concat As Action(Of String, String)
      
      If Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1 Then
         concat = AddressOf WriteToFile
      Else
         concat = AddressOf WriteToConsole
      End If   
      concat(message1, message2)         
   End Sub
   
   Private Sub WriteToConsole(string1 As String, string2 As String)
      Console.WriteLine("{0}{1}{2}", string1, vbCrLf, string2)
   End Sub
   
   Private Sub WriteToFile(string1 As String, string2 As String)
      Dim writer As StreamWriter = Nothing  
      Try
         writer = New StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs(1), False)
         writer.WriteLine("{0}{1}{2}", string1, vbCrLf, string2)
      Catch
         Console.WriteLine("File write operation failed...")
      Finally
         If writer IsNot Nothing Then writer.Close
      End Try      
   End Sub
End Module

还可以将 Action<T1,T2> 委托与 C# 中的匿名方法配合使用，如以下示例所示。 (有关匿名方法简介，请参阅 Anonymous Methods.)

using System;
using System.IO;

public class TestAnonymousMethod
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string message1 = "The first line of a message.";
      string message2 = "The second line of a message.";
      Action<string, string> concat;

      if (Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1)
         concat = delegate(string s1, string s2) { WriteToFile(s1, s2); };
      else
         concat = delegate(string s1, string s2) { WriteToConsole(s1, s2);} ;

      concat(message1, message2);
   }

   private static void WriteToConsole(string string1, string string2)
   {
      Console.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
   }

   private static void WriteToFile(string string1, string string2)
   {
      StreamWriter writer = null;
      try
      {
         writer = new StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()[1], false);
         writer.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
      }
      catch
      {
         Console.WriteLine("File write operation failed...");
      }
      finally
      {
         if (writer != null) writer.Close();
      }
   }
}

还可以将 lambda 表达式分配给 Action<T1,T2> 委托实例，如以下示例所示。 (有关 lambda 表达式简介，请参阅 lambda 表达式 (C#) ，或 lambda 表达式 (F#) .)

using System;
using System.IO;

public class TestLambdaExpression
{
   public static void Main()
   {
      string message1 = "The first line of a message.";
      string message2 = "The second line of a message.";
      Action<string, string> concat;

      if (Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1)
         concat = (s1, s2) => WriteToFile(s1, s2);
      else
         concat = (s1, s2) => WriteToConsole(s1, s2);

      concat(message1, message2);
   }

   private static void WriteToConsole(string string1, string string2)
   {
      Console.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
   }

   private static void WriteToFile(string string1, string string2)
   {
      StreamWriter writer = null;
      try
      {
         writer = new StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()[1], false);
         writer.WriteLine("{0}\n{1}", string1, string2);
      }
      catch
      {
         Console.WriteLine("File write operation failed...");
      }
      finally
      {
         if (writer != null) writer.Close();
      }
   }
}

open System
open System.IO

let message1 = "The first line of a message"
let message2 = "The second line of a message"

let writeToConsole string1 string2 = 
    printfn $"{string1}\n{string2}"

let writeToFile string1 string2 =
    use writer = new StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().[1], false)
    writer.WriteLine $"{string1}\n{string2}"

let concat =
    Action<string,string>(
        if Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1 then
            fun s1 s2 -> writeToFile s1 s2
        else
            fun s1 s2 -> writeToConsole s1 s2
    )

concat.Invoke(message1, message2)

Imports System.IO

Public Module TestLambdaExpression

   Public Sub Main()
      Dim message1 As String = "The first line of a message."
      Dim message2 As String = "The second line of a message."
      Dim concat As Action(Of String, String)
      
      If Environment.GetCommandLineArgs().Length > 1 Then
         concat = Sub(s1, s2) WriteToFile(s1, s2)
      Else
         concat = Sub(s1, s2) WriteToConsole(s1, s2)
      End If
         
      concat(message1, message2)
   End Sub
  
   Private Function WriteToConsole(string1 As String, string2 As String) As Integer
      Dim message As String = String.Format("{0}{1}{2}", string1, vbCrLf, string2)
      Console.WriteLine(message)
      Return message.Length
   End Function

   Private Function WriteToFile(string1 As String, string2 As String) As Integer
      Dim writer As StreamWriter = Nothing  
      Dim message As String = String.Format("{0}{1}{2}", string1, vbCrLf, string2)
      Dim charsWritten As Integer
      Try
         writer = New StreamWriter(Environment.GetCommandLineArgs()(1), False)
         writer.WriteLine(message)
      Catch
         Console.WriteLine("File write operation failed...")
      Finally
         If writer IsNot Nothing Then 
            writer.Close()
            charsWritten = message.Length
         Else
            charsWritten = 0
         End If
      End Try      
      Return charsWritten
   End Function
End Module

扩展方法

GetMethodInfo(Delegate)

获取指示指定委托表示的方法的对象。

适用于

另请参阅

Func<T1,T2,TResult>