将对已弃用的 ExAllocatePool 调用更新为 ExAllocatePool2 和 ExAllocatePool3

2025-05-13

从 Windows 10 版本 2004 开始，以下 DDI 已弃用，应按本文所述替换。

ExAllocatePool

ExAllocatePoolWithTag

ExAllocatePoolWithQuota

ExAllocatePoolWithQuotaTag

ExAllocatePoolWithTagPriority

Windows 10 版本 2004 及更高版本的驱动程序更新

如果要生成面向 Windows 10 版本 2004 及更高版本的驱动程序，请改用替换 API ExAllocatePool2 和 ExAllocatePool3 。

旧 API	新建 API
ExAllocatePool	ExAllocatePool2
ExAllocatePoolWithTag	ExAllocatePool2
ExAllocatePoolWithQuota	ExAllocatePool2
ExAllocatePoolWithQuotaTag	ExAllocatePool2
ExAllocatePoolWithTagPriority	ExAllocatePool3

默认情况下，新 API 会将池分配设为零，以帮助避免可能的内存泄漏漏洞。

ExAllocatePool/ExAllocatePoolWithTag

// Old code
PVOID Allocation = ExAllocatePoolWithTag(PagedPool, 100, 'abcd');
RtlZeroMemory(Allocation, 100);

// New code
PVOID Allocation = ExAllocatePool2(POOL_FLAG_PAGED, 100, 'abcd');

旧的池分配 API 接受 POOL_TYPE 参数，但新的分配 API 接受 POOL_FLAGS 参数。更新任何关联的代码以使用新的 POOL_FLAGS 参数。

ExAllocatePoolWithQuota/ExAllocatePoolWithQuotaTag

默认情况下，新函数将在分配失败时返回 NULL。若要让分配器在失败时引发异常，必须传递 POOL_FLAG_RAISE_ON_FAILURE 标志，如 ExAllocatePool2 中所述。

// Old code
PVOID Allocation = ExAllocatePoolWithQuotaTag(PagedPool | POOL_QUOTA_FAIL_INSTEAD_OF_RAISE, 100, 'abcd');
RtlZeroMemory(Allocation, 100);

// New code
PVOID Allocation = ExAllocatePool2(POOL_FLAG_PAGED | POOL_FLAG_USE_QUOTA, 100, 'abcd');

ExAllocatePoolWithTagPriority

// Old code
PVOID Allocation = ExAllocatePoolWithTagPriority(PagedPool, 100, 'abcd', HighPoolPriority);
RtlZeroMemory(Allocation, 100);

// New code
POOL_EXTENDED_PARAMETER params = {0};
params.Type = PoolExtendedParameterPriority;
params.Priority = HighPoolPriority;
PVOID Allocation = ExAllocatePool3(POOL_FLAG_PAGED, 100, 'abcd', &params, 1);

早于 Windows 10 版本 2004 的 Windows 版本的驱动程序更新

如果要生成面向 Windows 10 版本 2004 之前的 Windows 版本的驱动程序，则必须使用以下强制内联包装函数。

在驱动程序初始化期间，必须在调用池分配函数之前，先 #define POOL_ZERO_DOWN_LEVEL_SUPPORT 并调用 ExInitializeDriverRuntime。

本地定义的内联函数

PVOID
NTAPI
ExAllocatePoolZero (
    _In_ __drv_strictTypeMatch(__drv_typeExpr) POOL_TYPE PoolType,
    _In_ SIZE_T NumberOfBytes,
    _In_ ULONG Tag
    )

PVOID
NTAPI
ExAllocatePoolQuotaZero (
    _In_ __drv_strictTypeMatch(__drv_typeExpr) POOL_TYPE PoolType,
    _In_ SIZE_T NumberOfBytes,
    _In_ ULONG Tag
    )

PVOID
NTAPI
ExAllocatePoolPriorityZero (
    _In_ __drv_strictTypeMatch(__drv_typeExpr) POOL_TYPE PoolType,
    _In_ SIZE_T NumberOfBytes,
    _In_ ULONG Tag,
    _In_ EX_POOL_PRIORITY Priority
    )

请参阅最新版本的 wdm.h 头文件以获取这些代码包装器的实现代码。例如，这是 ExAllocatePoolPriorityZero 的实现，显示 RtlZeroMemory 的使用。

{
    PVOID Allocation;

    Allocation = ExAllocatePoolWithTagPriority((POOL_TYPE) (PoolType | POOL_ZERO_ALLOCATION),
                                               NumberOfBytes,
                                               Tag,
                                               Priority);

#if defined(POOL_ZERO_DOWN_LEVEL_SUPPORT)

    if ((!ExPoolZeroingNativelySupported) && (Allocation != NULL)) {
        RtlZeroMemory(Allocation, NumberOfBytes);
    }

#endif

    return Allocation;
}

将旧 API 映射到新 API

旧 API	新建 API
ExAllocatePool	ExAllocatePoolZero
ExAllocatePoolWithTag	ExAllocatePoolZero
ExAllocatePoolWithQuota	ExAllocatePoolQuotaZero
ExAllocatePoolWithQuotaTag	ExAllocatePoolQuotaZero
ExAllocatePoolWithTagPriority	ExAllocatePool优先级零

示例：

// Old code
PVOID Allocation = ExAllocatePoolWithTag(PagedPool, 100, 'abcd');
RtlZeroMemory(Allocation, 100);

// New code

// Before headers are pulled in (or compiler defined)
#define POOL_ZERO_DOWN_LEVEL_SUPPORT

// Once during driver initialization
// Argument can be any value
ExInitializeDriverRuntime(0);

// Replacement for each pool allocation
PVOID Allocation = ExAllocatePoolZero(PagedPool, 100, 'abcd');