适用于： 
SQL Server Azure SQL 数据库
本主题说明如何使用 SQL Server Management Studio、复制代理或复制管理对象 (RMO) 在 SQL Server 中同步推送订阅。
注意
对于快照复制和事务复制，Azure SQL 托管实例可以是发布服务器、分发服务器和订阅服务器。 对于快照复制和事务复制，Azure SQL 数据库中的数据库只能是推送订阅服务器。 有关详细信息，请参阅使用 Azure SQL 数据库和 Azure SQL 托管实例进行事务复制。
使用 SQL Server Management Studio
订阅由分发代理（对于快照复制和事务复制）或合并代理（对于合并复制）进行同步。 代理可以连续运行、按需运行或按计划运行。 有关如何指定同步计划的详细信息，请参阅指定同步计划。
从 Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio 的“本地发布”和“本地订阅”文件夹及复制监视器的“所有订阅”选项卡中，按需同步订阅。 不能从订阅服务器按需同步对 Oracle 发布的订阅。 有关启动复制监视器的信息，请参阅启动复制监视器。
在 Management Studio 中按需同步推送订阅（在发布服务器中）
在 Management Studio 中连接到发布服务器，然后展开服务器节点。
展开 “复制” 文件夹，再展开 “本地发布” 文件夹。
展开要同步其订阅的发布。
右键单击要同步的订阅，然后单击 “查看同步状态”。
在“查看同步状态 - <订阅服务器>:<订阅数据库>”对话框中，单击“启动”。 完成同步后，将显示消息 “同步完成” 。
单击“关闭” 。
在 Management Studio 中按需同步推送订阅（在订阅服务器中）
在 Management Studio 中连接到订阅服务器，然后展开服务器节点。
展开 “复制” 文件夹，再展开 “本地订阅” 文件夹。
右键单击要同步的订阅，然后单击 “查看同步状态”。
将显示一条消息，指示建立与分发服务器的连接。 单击“确定”。
在“查看同步状态 - <订阅服务器>:<订阅数据库>”对话框中，单击“启动”。 完成同步后，将显示消息 “同步完成” 。
单击“关闭” 。
在复制监视器中按需同步推送订阅
在复制监视器的左窗格中依次展开发布服务器组、发布服务器，再单击一个发布。
单击 “所有订阅” 选项卡。
右键单击要同步的订阅，然后单击 “开始同步”。
若要查看同步进度，请右键单击该订阅，然后单击 “查看详细信息”。
使用复制代理
可通过在命令提示符下调用相应的复制代理可执行文件，以编程方式按需同步推送订阅。 被调用的复制代理可执行文件将取决于推送订阅所属的发布的类型。
启动分发代理以将推送订阅与事务发布进行同步
通过命令提示符或分发服务器中的批处理文件，执行 distrib.exe。 指定下列命令行参数：
-Publisher
-PublisherDB
-Distributor
-Subscriber
-SubscriberDB
-SubscriptionType = 0
如果您使用的是 SQL Server 身份验证，则还必须指定下列参数：
-DistributorLogin
-DistributorPassword
-DistributorSecurityMode = 0
-PublisherLogin
-PublisherPassword
-PublisherSecurityMode = 0
-SubscriberLogin
-SubscriberPassword
-SubscriberSecurityMode = 0
重要
请尽可能使用 Windows 身份验证。
启动合并代理以将推送订阅与合并发布进行同步
通过命令提示符或分发服务器中的批处理文件，执行 replmerg.exe。 指定下列命令行参数：
-Publisher
-PublisherDB
-Publication
-Distributor
-Subscriber
-SubscriberDB
-SubscriptionType = 0
如果您使用的是 SQL Server 身份验证，则还必须指定下列参数：
-DistributorLogin
-DistributorPassword
-DistributorSecurityMode = 0
-PublisherLogin
-PublisherPassword
-PublisherSecurityMode = 0
-SubscriberLogin
-SubscriberPassword
-SubscriberSecurityMode = 0
重要
请尽可能使用 Windows 身份验证。
示例（复制代理）
以下示例启动分发代理以同步推送订阅。
REM -- Declare the variables.
SET Publisher=%instancename%
SET Subscriber=%instancename%
SET PublicationDB=AdventureWorks2022
SET SubscriptionDB=AdventureWorks2022Replica
SET Publication=AdvWorksProductsTran
REM -- Start the Distribution Agent with four subscription streams.
REM -- The following command must be supplied without line breaks.
"C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\120\COM\DISTRIB.EXE" -Subscriber %Subscriber%
-SubscriberDB %SubscriptionDB% -SubscriberSecurityMode 1 -Publication %Publication%
-Publisher %Publisher% -PublisherDB %PublicationDB% -Distributor %Publisher%
-DistributorSecurityMode 1 -Continuous -SubscriptionType 0 -SubscriptionStreams 4
以下示例启动合并代理以同步推送订阅。
REM -- Declare the variables.
SET Publisher=%instancename%
SET Subscriber=%instancename%
SET PublicationDB=AdventureWorks2022
SET SubscriptionDB=AdventureWorks2022Replica
SET Publication=AdvWorksSalesOrdersMerge
REM -- Start the Merge Agent.
REM -- The following command must be supplied without line breaks.
"C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\120\COM\REPLMERG.EXE" -Publisher %Publisher%
-Subscriber %Subscriber% -Distributor %Publisher% -PublisherDB %PublicationDB%
-SubscriberDB %SubscriptionDB% -Publication %Publication% -PublisherSecurityMode 1
-OutputVerboseLevel 3 -Output -SubscriberSecurityMode 1 -SubscriptionType 0
-DistributorSecurityMode 1
使用复制管理对象 (RMO)
可以使用复制管理对象 (RMO) 和托管代码的复制代理功能访问权限以编程方式同步推送订阅。 用于同步推送订阅的类取决于订阅所属的发布的类型。
注意
如果您要启动一个自主运行而不影响应用程序的订阅，请异步启动代理。 但是，如果您要监视同步的结果并在同步进程期间从代理处接收回调（例如，您要显示进度栏），则应当同步启动代理。 对于 Microsoft SQL Server 2005 Express Edition 订阅者，必须同步启动代理。
将推送订阅与快照发布或事务发布进行同步
使用 ServerConnection 类创建与分发服务器的连接。
创建 TransSubscription 类的实例并设置下列属性：
用于 DatabaseName的发布数据库的名称。
用于 PublicationName的订阅所属的发布的名称。
用于 SubscriptionDBName的订阅数据库的名称。
用于 SubscriberName的订阅服务器的名称。
在步骤 1 中为 ConnectionContext创建的连接。
调用 LoadProperties 方法以获取其他订阅属性。 如果该方法返回 false，则确保订阅存在。
使用下列方法之一在分发服务器中启动分发代理：
在步骤 2 中的 SynchronizeWithJob 实例上调用 TransSubscription 方法。 该方法异步启动分发代理，并在代理作业运行时立即将控制权返回给您的应用程序。 如果创建的订阅的 false for CreateSyncAgentByDefault。
获取 TransSynchronizationAgent 属性中 SynchronizationAgent 类的实例，然后调用 Synchronize 方法。 该方法可以同步启动代理，并且控制权仍属于运行代理作业。 在执行同步期间，您可以在代理仍旧运行的情况下处理 Status 事件。
将推送订阅与合并发布进行同步
使用 ServerConnection 类创建与分发服务器的连接。
创建 MergeSubscription 类的实例并设置下列属性：
用于 DatabaseName的发布数据库的名称。
用于 PublicationName的订阅所属的发布的名称。
用于 SubscriptionDBName的订阅数据库的名称。
用于 SubscriberName的订阅服务器的名称。
在步骤 1 中为 ConnectionContext创建的连接。
调用 LoadProperties 方法以获取其他订阅属性。 如果该方法返回 false，则确保订阅存在。
使用下列方法之一在分发服务器中启动合并代理：
在步骤 2 中的 SynchronizeWithJob 实例上调用 MergeSubscription 方法。 该方法异步启动合并代理，并在代理作业运行时立即将控制权返回给您的应用程序。 如果创建的订阅的 false for CreateSyncAgentByDefault。
获取 MergeSynchronizationAgent 属性中 SynchronizationAgent 类的实例，然后调用 Synchronize 方法。 该方法可以同步启动合并代理，并且控件仍属于运行代理作业。 在执行同步期间，您可以在代理仍旧运行的情况下处理 Status 事件。
示例 (RMO)
该示例将推送订阅与事务发布进行同步，其中，代理使用代理作业进行异步启动。
// Define the server, publication, and database names.
string subscriberName = subscriberInstance;
string publisherName = publisherInstance;
string publicationName = "AdvWorksProductTran";
string subscriptionDbName = "AdventureWorks2022Replica";
string publicationDbName = "AdventureWorks2022";
/// Create a connection to the Publisher.
ServerConnection conn = new ServerConnection(publisherName);
TransSubscription subscription;
try
{
// Connect to the Publisher.
conn.Connect();
// Instantiate the push subscription.
subscription = new TransSubscription();
subscription.ConnectionContext = conn;
subscription.DatabaseName = publicationDbName;
subscription.PublicationName = publicationName;
subscription.SubscriptionDBName = subscriptionDbName;
subscription.SubscriberName = subscriberName;
// If the push subscription and the job exists, start the agent job.
if (subscription.LoadProperties() && subscription.AgentJobId != null)
{
// Start the Distribution Agent asynchronously.
subscription.SynchronizeWithJob();
}
else
{
// Do something here if the subscription does not exist.
throw new ApplicationException(String.Format(
"A subscription to '{0}' does not exists on {1}",
publicationName, subscriberName));
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Implement appropriate error handling here.
throw new ApplicationException("The subscription could not be synchronized.", ex);
}
finally
{
conn.Disconnect();
}
' Define the server, publication, and database names.
Dim subscriberName As String = subscriberInstance
Dim publisherName As String = publisherInstance
Dim publicationName As String = "AdvWorksProductTran"
Dim subscriptionDbName As String = "AdventureWorks2022Replica"
Dim publicationDbName As String = "AdventureWorks2022"
' Create a connection to the Publisher.
Dim conn As ServerConnection = New ServerConnection(publisherName)
Dim subscription As TransSubscription
Try
' Connect to the Publisher.
conn.Connect()
' Instantiate the push subscription.
subscription = New TransSubscription()
subscription.ConnectionContext = conn
subscription.DatabaseName = publicationDbName
subscription.PublicationName = publicationName
subscription.SubscriptionDBName = subscriptionDbName
subscription.SubscriberName = subscriberName
' If the push subscription and the job exists, start the agent job.
If subscription.LoadProperties() And Not subscription.AgentJobId Is Nothing Then
' Start the Distribution Agent asynchronously.
subscription.SynchronizeWithJob()
Else
' Do something here if the subscription does not exist.
Throw New ApplicationException(String.Format( _
"A subscription to '{0}' does not exists on {1}", _
publicationName, subscriberName))
End If
Catch ex As Exception
' Implement appropriate error handling here.
Throw New ApplicationException("The subscription could not be synchronized.", ex)
Finally
conn.Disconnect()
End Try
该示例将推送订阅与事务发布进行同步，其中，代理进行同步启动。
// Define the server, publication, and database names.
string subscriberName = subscriberInstance;
string publisherName = publisherInstance;
string publicationName = "AdvWorksProductTran";
string subscriptionDbName = "AdventureWorks2022Replica";
string publicationDbName = "AdventureWorks2022";
// Create a connection to the Publisher.
ServerConnection conn = new ServerConnection(publisherName);
TransSubscription subscription;
try
{
// Connect to the Publisher.
conn.Connect();
// Define the push subscription.
subscription = new TransSubscription();
subscription.ConnectionContext = conn;
subscription.DatabaseName = publicationDbName;
subscription.PublicationName = publicationName;
subscription.SubscriptionDBName = subscriptionDbName;
subscription.SubscriberName = subscriberName;
// If the push subscription exists, start the synchronization.
if (subscription.LoadProperties())
{
// Check that we have enough metadata to start the agent.
if (subscription.SubscriberSecurity != null)
{
// Synchronously start the Distribution Agent for the subscription.
subscription.SynchronizationAgent.Synchronize();
}
else
{
throw new ApplicationException("There is insufficent metadata to " +
"synchronize the subscription. Recreate the subscription with " +
"the agent job or supply the required agent properties at run time.");
}
}
else
{
// Do something here if the push subscription does not exist.
throw new ApplicationException(String.Format(
"The subscription to '{0}' does not exist on {1}",
publicationName, subscriberName));
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Implement appropriate error handling here.
throw new ApplicationException("The subscription could not be synchronized.", ex);
}
finally
{
conn.Disconnect();
}
' Define the server, publication, and database names.
Dim subscriberName As String = subscriberInstance
Dim publisherName As String = publisherInstance
Dim publicationName As String = "AdvWorksProductTran"
Dim subscriptionDbName As String = "AdventureWorks2022Replica"
Dim publicationDbName As String = "AdventureWorks2022"
' Create a connection to the Publisher.
Dim conn As ServerConnection = New ServerConnection(publisherName)
Dim subscription As TransSubscription
Try
' Connect to the Publisher.
conn.Connect()
' Define the push subscription.
subscription = New TransSubscription()
subscription.ConnectionContext = conn
subscription.DatabaseName = publicationDbName
subscription.PublicationName = publicationName
subscription.SubscriptionDBName = subscriptionDbName
subscription.SubscriberName = subscriberName
' If the push subscription exists, start the synchronization.
If subscription.LoadProperties() Then
' Check that we have enough metadata to start the agent.
If Not subscription.SubscriberSecurity Is Nothing Then
' Synchronously start the Distribution Agent for the subscription.
subscription.SynchronizationAgent.Synchronize()
Else
Throw New ApplicationException("There is insufficent metadata to " + _
"synchronize the subscription. Recreate the subscription with " + _
"the agent job or supply the required agent properties at run time.")
End If
Else
' Do something here if the push subscription does not exist.
Throw New ApplicationException(String.Format( _
"The subscription to '{0}' does not exist on {1}", _
publicationName, subscriberName))
End If
Catch ex As Exception
' Implement appropriate error handling here.
Throw New ApplicationException("The subscription could not be synchronized.", ex)
Finally
conn.Disconnect()
End Try
该示例将推送订阅与合并发布进行同步，其中，代理使用代理作业进行异步启动。
// Define the server, publication, and database names.
string subscriberName = subscriberInstance;
string publisherName = publisherInstance;
string publicationName = "AdvWorksSalesOrdersMerge";
string subscriptionDbName = "AdventureWorks2022Replica";
string publicationDbName = "AdventureWorks2022";
// Create a connection to the Publisher.
ServerConnection conn = new ServerConnection(publisherName);
MergeSubscription subscription;
try
{
// Connect to the Publisher.
conn.Connect();
// Define push subscription.
subscription = new MergeSubscription();
subscription.ConnectionContext = conn;
subscription.DatabaseName = publicationDbName;
subscription.PublicationName = publicationName;
subscription.SubscriptionDBName = subscriptionDbName;
subscription.SubscriberName = subscriberName;
// If the push subscription and the job exists, start the agent job.
if (subscription.LoadProperties() && subscription.AgentJobId != null)
{
// Start the Merge Agent asynchronously.
subscription.SynchronizeWithJob();
}
else
{
// Do something here if the subscription does not exist.
throw new ApplicationException(String.Format(
"A subscription to '{0}' does not exists on {1}",
publicationName, subscriberName));
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Implement appropriate error handling here.
throw new ApplicationException("The subscription could not be synchronized.", ex);
}
finally
{
conn.Disconnect();
}
' Define the server, publication, and database names.
Dim subscriberName As String = subscriberInstance
Dim publisherName As String = publisherInstance
Dim publicationName As String = "AdvWorksSalesOrdersMerge"
Dim subscriptionDbName As String = "AdventureWorks2022Replica"
Dim publicationDbName As String = "AdventureWorks2022"
' Create a connection to the Publisher.
Dim conn As ServerConnection = New ServerConnection(publisherName)
Dim subscription As MergeSubscription
Try
' Connect to the Publisher.
conn.Connect()
' Define push subscription.
subscription = New MergeSubscription()
subscription.ConnectionContext = conn
subscription.DatabaseName = publicationDbName
subscription.PublicationName = publicationName
subscription.SubscriptionDBName = subscriptionDbName
subscription.SubscriberName = subscriberName
' If the push subscription and the job exists, start the agent job.
If subscription.LoadProperties() And Not subscription.AgentJobId Is Nothing Then
' Start the Merge Agent asynchronously.
subscription.SynchronizeWithJob()
Else
' Do something here if the subscription does not exist.
Throw New ApplicationException(String.Format( _
"A subscription to '{0}' does not exists on {1}", _
publicationName, subscriberName))
End If
Catch ex As Exception
' Implement appropriate error handling here.
Throw New ApplicationException("The subscription could not be synchronized.", ex)
Finally
conn.Disconnect()
End Try
该示例将推送订阅与合并发布进行同步，其中，代理进行同步启动。
// Define the server, publication, and database names.
string subscriberName = subscriberInstance;
string publisherName = publisherInstance;
string publicationName = "AdvWorksSalesOrdersMerge";
string subscriptionDbName = "AdventureWorks2022Replica";
string publicationDbName = "AdventureWorks2022";
// Create a connection to the Publisher.
ServerConnection conn = new ServerConnection(publisherName);
MergeSubscription subscription;
try
{
// Connect to the Publisher
conn.Connect();
// Define the subscription.
subscription = new MergeSubscription();
subscription.ConnectionContext = conn;
subscription.DatabaseName = publicationDbName;
subscription.PublicationName = publicationName;
subscription.SubscriptionDBName = subscriptionDbName;
subscription.SubscriberName = subscriberName;
// If the push subscription exists, start the synchronization.
if (subscription.LoadProperties())
{
// Check that we have enough metadata to start the agent.
if (subscription.SubscriberSecurity != null)
{
// Synchronously start the Merge Agent for the subscription.
subscription.SynchronizationAgent.Synchronize();
}
else
{
throw new ApplicationException("There is insufficent metadata to " +
"synchronize the subscription. Recreate the subscription with " +
"the agent job or supply the required agent properties at run time.");
}
}
else
{
// Do something here if the push subscription does not exist.
throw new ApplicationException(String.Format(
"The subscription to '{0}' does not exist on {1}",
publicationName, subscriberName));
}
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
// Implement appropriate error handling here.
throw new ApplicationException("The subscription could not be synchronized.", ex);
}
finally
{
conn.Disconnect();
}
' Define the server, publication, and database names.
Dim subscriberName As String = subscriberInstance
Dim publisherName As String = publisherInstance
Dim publicationName As String = "AdvWorksSalesOrdersMerge"
Dim subscriptionDbName As String = "AdventureWorks2022Replica"
Dim publicationDbName As String = "AdventureWorks2022"
' Create a connection to the Publisher.
Dim conn As ServerConnection = New ServerConnection(publisherName)
Dim subscription As MergeSubscription
Try
' Connect to the Publisher
conn.Connect()
' Define the subscription.
subscription = New MergeSubscription()
subscription.ConnectionContext = conn
subscription.DatabaseName = publicationDbName
subscription.PublicationName = publicationName
subscription.SubscriptionDBName = subscriptionDbName
subscription.SubscriberName = subscriberName
' If the push subscription exists, start the synchronization.
If subscription.LoadProperties() Then
' Check that we have enough metadata to start the agent.
If Not subscription.SubscriberSecurity Is Nothing Then
' Synchronously start the Merge Agent for the subscription.
' Log agent messages to an output file.
subscription.SynchronizationAgent.Output = "mergeagent.log"
subscription.SynchronizationAgent.OutputVerboseLevel = 2
subscription.SynchronizationAgent.Synchronize()
Else
Throw New ApplicationException("There is insufficent metadata to " + _
"synchronize the subscription. Recreate the subscription with " + _
"the agent job or supply the required agent properties at run time.")
End If
Else
' Do something here if the push subscription does not exist.
Throw New ApplicationException(String.Format( _
"The subscription to '{0}' does not exist on {1}", _
publicationName, subscriberName))
End If
Catch ex As Exception
' Implement appropriate error handling here.
Throw New ApplicationException("The subscription could not be synchronized.", ex)
Finally
conn.Disconnect()
End Try