更新：November 2007
XML 架构可以包含 <xs:import />、<xs:include /> 和 <xs:redefine /> 元素。这些架构元素引用其他 XML 架构，可以用于补充包括或导入这些架构的架构的结构。XmlSchemaImport、XmlSchemaInclude 和 XmlSchemaRedefine 类映射到架构对象模型 (SOM) API 中的这些元素。
包括或导入 XML 架构
以下代码示例为 生成 XML 架构 主题中创建的客户架构补充地址架构。为客户架构补充地址架构后，可以在客户架构中使用地址类型。
地址架构可以使用 <xs:include /> 或 <xs:import /> 元素加入，以原样使用地址架构的组件，也可以使用 <xs:redefine /> 元素修改其任意组件，以适合客户架构的需要。因为地址架构的 targetNamespace 与客户架构的不同，所以，将使用 <xs:import /> 元素以及导入语义。
代码示例通过下列步骤包括客户架构。
将客户架构和地址架构添加到新的 XmlSchemaSet 对象并进行编译。_在读取或编译架构时遇到的任何架构验证警告和错误由 ValidationEventHandler 委托进行处理。
通过循环访问 Schemas 属性，从 XmlSchemaSet 中为客户架构和地址架构检索已编译的 XmlSchema 对象。因为架构已编译，所以，可以访问后架构编译信息集 (PSCI) 属性。
创建一个 XmlSchemaImport 对象，将导入的 Namespace 属性设置为地址架构的命名空间，将导入的 Schema 属性设置为地址架构的 XmlSchema 对象，并将导入添加到客户架构的 Includes 属性中。
使用 XmlSchemaSet 类的 Reprocess 和 Compile 方法重新处理并编译已修改的客户架构的 XmlSchema 对象并将其写入控制台。
最后，使用客户架构的 Includes 方法递归式将导入到客户架构的所有架构写入控制台。Includes 属性提供对所有添加到架构中的包括、导入或重新定义的访问。
以下是完整的代码示例以及写入控制台的客户架构和地址架构。
Imports System
Imports System.Xml
Imports System.Xml.Schema
Class XmlSchemaImportExample
Shared Sub Main()
' Add the customer and address schemas to a new XmlSchemaSet and compile them.
' Any schema validation warnings and errors encountered reading or
' compiling the schemas are handled by the ValidationEventHandler delegate.
Dim schemaSet As XmlSchemaSet = New XmlSchemaSet()
AddHandler schemaSet.ValidationEventHandler, AddressOf ValidationCallback
schemaSet.Add("http://www.tempuri.org", "customer.xsd")
schemaSet.Add("http://www.example.com/IPO", "address.xsd")
schemaSet.Compile()
' Retrieve the compiled XmlSchema objects for the customer and
' address schema from the XmlSchemaSet by iterating over
' the Schemas property.
Dim customerSchema As XmlSchema = Nothing
Dim addressSchema As XmlSchema = Nothing
For Each schema As XmlSchema In schemaSet.Schemas()
If schema.TargetNamespace = "http://www.tempuri.org" Then
customerSchema = schema
ElseIf schema.TargetNamespace = "http://www.example.com/IPO" Then
addressSchema = schema
End If
Next
' Create an XmlSchemaImport object, set the Namespace property
' to the namespace of the address schema, the Schema property
' to the address schema, and add it to the Includes property
' of the customer schema.
Dim import As XmlSchemaImport = New XmlSchemaImport()
import.Namespace = "http://www.example.com/IPO"
import.Schema = addressSchema
customerSchema.Includes.Add(import)
' Reprocess and compile the modified XmlSchema object
' of the customer schema and write it to the console.
schemaSet.Reprocess(customerSchema)
schemaSet.Compile()
customerSchema.Write(Console.Out)
' Recursively write all of the schemas imported into the
' customer schema to the console using the Includes
' property of the customer schema.
RecurseExternals(customerSchema)
End Sub
Shared Sub RecurseExternals(ByVal schema As XmlSchema)
For Each external As XmlSchemaExternal In Schema.Includes
If Not external.SchemaLocation = Nothing Then
Console.WriteLine("External SchemaLocation: {0}", external.SchemaLocation)
End If
If external.GetType() Is GetType(XmlSchemaImport) Then
Dim import As XmlSchemaImport = CType(external, XmlSchemaImport)
Console.WriteLine("Imported namespace: {0}", import.Namespace)
End If
If Not external.Schema Is Nothing Then
external.Schema.Write(Console.Out)
RecurseExternals(external.Schema)
End If
Next
End Sub
Shared Sub ValidationCallback(ByVal sender As Object, ByVal args As ValidationEventArgs)
If args.Severity = XmlSeverityType.Warning Then
Console.Write("WARNING: ")
Else
If args.Severity = XmlSeverityType.Error Then
Console.Write("ERROR: ")
End If
End If
Console.WriteLine(args.Message)
End Sub
End Class
using System;
using System.Xml;
using System.Xml.Schema;
class XmlSchemaImportExample
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Add the customer and address schemas to a new XmlSchemaSet and compile them.
// Any schema validation warnings and errors encountered reading or
// compiling the schemas are handled by the ValidationEventHandler delegate.
XmlSchemaSet schemaSet = new XmlSchemaSet();
schemaSet.ValidationEventHandler += new ValidationEventHandler(ValidationCallback);
schemaSet.Add("http://www.tempuri.org", "customer.xsd");
schemaSet.Add("http://www.example.com/IPO", "address.xsd");
schemaSet.Compile();
// Retrieve the compiled XmlSchema objects for the customer and
// address schema from the XmlSchemaSet by iterating over
// the Schemas property.
XmlSchema customerSchema = null;
XmlSchema addressSchema = null;
foreach (XmlSchema schema in schemaSet.Schemas())
{
if (schema.TargetNamespace == "http://www.tempuri.org")
customerSchema = schema;
else if (schema.TargetNamespace == "http://www.example.com/IPO")
addressSchema = schema;
}
// Create an XmlSchemaImport object, set the Namespace property
// to the namespace of the address schema, the Schema property
// to the address schema, and add it to the Includes property
// of the customer schema.
XmlSchemaImport import = new XmlSchemaImport();
import.Namespace = "http://www.example.com/IPO";
import.Schema = addressSchema;
customerSchema.Includes.Add(import);
// Reprocess and compile the modified XmlSchema object
// of the customer schema and write it to the console.
schemaSet.Reprocess(customerSchema);
schemaSet.Compile();
customerSchema.Write(Console.Out);
// Recursively write all of the schemas imported into the
// customer schema to the console using the Includes
// property of the customer schema.
RecurseExternals(customerSchema);
}
static void RecurseExternals(XmlSchema schema)
{
foreach (XmlSchemaExternal external in schema.Includes)
{
if (external.SchemaLocation != null)
{
Console.WriteLine("External SchemaLocation: {0}", external.SchemaLocation);
}
if (external is XmlSchemaImport)
{
XmlSchemaImport import = external as XmlSchemaImport;
Console.WriteLine("Imported namespace: {0}", import.Namespace);
}
if (external.Schema != null)
{
external.Schema.Write(Console.Out);
RecurseExternals(external.Schema);
}
}
}
static void ValidationCallback(object sender, ValidationEventArgs args)
{
if (args.Severity == XmlSeverityType.Warning)
Console.Write("WARNING: ");
else if (args.Severity == XmlSeverityType.Error)
Console.Write("ERROR: ");
Console.WriteLine(args.Message);
}
}
#using <System.Xml.dll>
using namespace System;
using namespace System::Xml;
using namespace System::Xml::Schema;
ref class XmlSchemaImportExample
{
public:
static void Main()
{
// Add the customer and address schemas to a new XmlSchemaSet and compile them.
// Any schema validation warnings and errors encountered reading or
// compiling the schemas are handled by the ValidationEventHandler delegate.
XmlSchemaSet^ schemaSet = gcnew XmlSchemaSet();
schemaSet->ValidationEventHandler += gcnew ValidationEventHandler(ValidationCallback);
schemaSet->Add("http://www.tempuri.org", "customer.xsd");
schemaSet->Add("http://www.example.com/IPO", "address.xsd");
schemaSet->Compile();
// Retrieve the compiled XmlSchema objects for the customer and
// address schema from the XmlSchemaSet by iterating over
// the Schemas property.
XmlSchema^ customerSchema = nullptr;
XmlSchema^ addressSchema = nullptr;
for each (XmlSchema^ schema in schemaSet->Schemas())
{
if (schema->TargetNamespace == "http://www.tempuri.org")
customerSchema = schema;
else if (schema->TargetNamespace == "http://www.example.com/IPO")
addressSchema = schema;
}
// Create an XmlSchemaImport object, set the Namespace property
// to the namespace of the address schema, the Schema property
// to the address schema, and add it to the Includes property
// of the customer schema.
XmlSchemaImport^ import = gcnew XmlSchemaImport();
import->Namespace = "http://www.example.com/IPO";
import->Schema = addressSchema;
customerSchema->Includes->Add(import);
// Reprocess and compile the modified XmlSchema object
// of the customer schema and write it to the console.
schemaSet->Reprocess(customerSchema);
schemaSet->Compile();
customerSchema->Write(Console::Out);
// Recursively write all of the schemas imported into the
// customer schema to the console using the Includes
// property of the customer schema.
RecurseExternals(customerSchema);
}
static void RecurseExternals(XmlSchema^ schema)
{
for each (XmlSchemaExternal^ external in schema->Includes)
{
if (external->SchemaLocation != nullptr)
{
Console::WriteLine("External SchemaLocation: {0}", external->SchemaLocation);
}
if (external::typeid == XmlSchemaImport::typeid)
{
XmlSchemaImport^ import = dynamic_cast<XmlSchemaImport^>(external);
Console::WriteLine("Imported namespace: {0}", import->Namespace);
}
if (external->Schema != nullptr)
{
external->Schema->Write(Console::Out);
RecurseExternals(external->Schema);
}
}
}
static void ValidationCallback(Object^ sender, ValidationEventArgs^ args)
{
if (args->Severity == XmlSeverityType::Warning)
Console::Write("WARNING: ");
else if (args->Severity == XmlSeverityType::Error)
Console::Write("ERROR: ");
Console::WriteLine(args->Message);
}
};
int main()
{
XmlSchemaImportExample::Main();
return 0;
}
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<xs:schema xmlns:tns="http://www.tempuri.org" targetNamespace="http://www.tempuri.org" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<xs:import namespace="http://www.example.com/IPO" />
<xs:element name="Customer">
<xs:complexType>
<xs:sequence>
<xs:element name="FirstName" type="xs:string" />
<xs:element name="LastName" type="tns:LastNameType" />
</xs:sequence>
<xs:attribute name="CustomerId" type="xs:positiveInteger" use="required" /
>
</xs:complexType>
</xs:element>
<xs:simpleType name="LastNameType">
<xs:restriction base="xs:string">
<xs:maxLength value="20" />
</xs:restriction>
</xs:simpleType>
</xs:schema>
<schema targetNamespace="http://www.example.com/IPO" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:ipo="http://www.example.com/IPO">
<annotation>
<documentation xml:lang="en">
Addresses for International Purchase order schema
Copyright 2000 Example.com. All rights reserved.
</documentation>
</annotation>
<complexType name="Address">
<sequence>
<element name="name" type="string"/>
<element name="street" type="string"/>
<element name="city" type="string"/>
</sequence>
</complexType>
<complexType name="USAddress">
<complexContent>
<extension base="ipo:Address">
<sequence>
<element name="state" type="ipo:USState"/>
<element name="zip" type="positiveInteger"/>
</sequence>
</extension>
</complexContent>
</complexType>
<!-- other Address derivations for more countries or regions -->
<simpleType name="USState">
<restriction base="string">
<enumeration value="AK"/>
<enumeration value="AL"/>
<enumeration value="AR"/>
<!-- and so on ... -->
</restriction>
</simpleType>
</schema>
有关 <xs:import />, <xs:include />、<xs:redefine /> 元素以及 XmlSchemaImport、XmlSchemaInclude 和 XmlSchemaRedefine 类的更多信息，请参见 W3C XML Sche ma（W3C XML 架构）和 System.Xml.Schema 命名空间类参考文档。