如何：在代码中模拟鼠标和键盘事件

2008-08-18

更新：2007 年 11 月

Windows 窗体提供以编程方式模拟鼠标和键盘输入的几个选项。本主题提供这些选项的概述。

模拟鼠标输入

模拟鼠标事件的最佳方法是调用引发要模拟的鼠标事件的 OnEventName 方法。此选项通常只在自定义控件和窗体中是可能的，因为引发事件的方法受保护，而且不能从控件或窗体外部访问。例如，下面的步骤阐释如何用代码模拟单击鼠标右键的事件。

以编程方式单击鼠标右键

创建一个 Button 属性设置为 MouseButtons.Right 值的 MouseEventArgs。
将此 MouseEventArgs 用作参数调用 OnMouseClick 方法。

有关自定义控件的更多信息，请参见设计时开发 Windows 窗体控件。

还有其他模拟鼠标输入的方法。例如，可以通过编程方式设置一个表示通常通过鼠标输入设置的状态的控件属性（如 CheckBox 控件的 Checked 属性），或者您可以直接调用附加到要模拟的事件的委托。

模拟键盘输入

虽然您可以通过使用上面讨论的鼠标输入策略来模拟键盘输入，但 Windows 窗体还提供了用于将键击发送到活动应用程序的 SendKeys 类。

警告：
如果您的应用程序打算用于可以使用各种键盘的国际使用，则使用 SendKeys.Send 可能产生不可预知的结果，因而应当避免。

说明：
SendKeys 类已针对 .NET Framework 3.0 进行了更新，能够用于在 Windows Vista 上运行的应用程序中。Windows Vista 增强的安全性（称为用户账户控件或 UAC）使以前的实现无法按预期方式工作。 SendKeys 类容易出现计时问题，有些开发人员必须解决这个问题。更新的实现仍然容易发生计时问题，但速度略有提高，并且可能要求更改解决方法。SendKeys 类首先会尝试使用以前的实现，失败后再使用新的实现。因此，SendKeys 类的行为可能因操作系统的不同而有所差异。此外，当 SendKeys 类使用新的实现时，SendWait 方法在消息被发送到另一进程时不会等待消息的处理。如果您的应用程序依赖于不受操作系统影响的一致性行为，则可通过向 app.config 文件添加以下应用程序设置，强制 SendKeys 类使用新的实现。 <appSettings> <add key="SendKeys" value="SendInput"/> </appSettings> 要强制 SendKeys 类使用以前的实现，请改用值 "JournalHook"。

SendKeys 类已针对 .NET Framework 3.0 进行了更新，能够用于在 Windows Vista 上运行的应用程序中。Windows Vista 增强的安全性（称为用户账户控件或 UAC）使以前的实现无法按预期方式工作。

SendKeys 类容易出现计时问题，有些开发人员必须解决这个问题。更新的实现仍然容易发生计时问题，但速度略有提高，并且可能要求更改解决方法。SendKeys 类首先会尝试使用以前的实现，失败后再使用新的实现。因此，SendKeys 类的行为可能因操作系统的不同而有所差异。此外，当 SendKeys 类使用新的实现时，SendWait 方法在消息被发送到另一进程时不会等待消息的处理。

如果您的应用程序依赖于不受操作系统影响的一致性行为，则可通过向 app.config 文件添加以下应用程序设置，强制 SendKeys 类使用新的实现。

</appSettings>

要强制 SendKeys 类使用以前的实现，请改用值 "JournalHook"。

向同一应用程序发送键击

调用 SendKeys 类的 Send 或 SendWait 方法。应用程序的活动控件将接收指定的键击。下面的代码示例使用 Send 在用户双击窗体的图面时模拟按 Enter 键。此示例假定一个 Form，该窗体具有单个 Tab 键索引为 0 的 Button 控件。

' Send a key to the button when the user double-clicks anywhere 
' on the form.
Private Sub Form1_DoubleClick(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles Me.DoubleClick

    ' Send the enter key to the button, which raises the click 
    ' event for the button. This works because the tab stop of 
    ' the button is 0.
    SendKeys.Send("{ENTER}")
End Sub

// Send a key to the button when the user double-clicks anywhere 
// on the form.
private void Form1_DoubleClick(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    // Send the enter key to the button, which raises the click 
    // event for the button. This works because the tab stop of 
    // the button is 0.
    SendKeys.Send("{ENTER}");
}

    // Send a key to the button when the user double-clicks anywhere
    // on the form.
private:
    void Form1_DoubleClick(Object^ sender, EventArgs^ e)
    {
        // Send the enter key to the button, which triggers the click
        // event for the button. This works because the tab stop of
        // the button is 0.
        SendKeys::Send("{ENTER}");
    }

向另一个应用程序发送键击

激活将接收键击的应用程序窗口，然后调用 Send 或 SendWait 方法。由于没有激活另一个应用程序的托管方法，因此必须使用本机 Windows 方法强制将焦点放在其他应用程序上。下面的代码示例使用平台调用来调用 FindWindow 和 SetForegroundWindow 方法，以激活计算器应用程序窗口，然后调用 SendWait 向计算器应用程序发出一系列计算。

' Get a handle to an application window.
Declare Auto Function FindWindow Lib "USER32.DLL" ( _
    ByVal lpClassName As String, _
    ByVal lpWindowName As String) As IntPtr

' Activate an application window.
Declare Auto Function SetForegroundWindow Lib "USER32.DLL" _
    (ByVal hWnd As IntPtr) As Boolean

' Send a series of key presses to the Calculator application.
Private Sub button1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
    ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles button1.Click

    ' Get a handle to the Calculator application. The window class
    ' and window name were obtained using the Spy++ tool.
    Dim calculatorHandle As IntPtr = FindWindow("SciCalc", "Calculator")

    ' Verify that Calculator is a running process.
    If calculatorHandle = IntPtr.Zero Then
        MsgBox("Calculator is not running.")
        Return
    End If

    ' Make Calculator the foreground application and send it 
    ' a set of calculations.
    SetForegroundWindow(calculatorHandle)
    SendKeys.SendWait("111")
    SendKeys.SendWait("*")
    SendKeys.SendWait("11")
    SendKeys.SendWait("=")
End Sub

// Get a handle to an application window.
[DllImport("USER32.DLL", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName,
    string lpWindowName);

// Activate an application window.
[DllImport("USER32.DLL")]
public static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);

// Send a series of key presses to the Calculator application.
private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
    // Get a handle to the Calculator application. The window class
    // and window name were obtained using the Spy++ tool.
    IntPtr calculatorHandle = FindWindow("SciCalc", "Calculator");

    // Verify that Calculator is a running process.
    if (calculatorHandle == IntPtr.Zero)
    {
        MessageBox.Show("Calculator is not running.");
        return;
    }

    // Make Calculator the foreground application and send it 
    // a set of calculations.
    SetForegroundWindow(calculatorHandle);
    SendKeys.SendWait("111");
    SendKeys.SendWait("*");
    SendKeys.SendWait("11");
    SendKeys.SendWait("=");
}

        // Get a handle to an application window.
    public:
        [DllImport("USER32.DLL", CharSet = CharSet::Unicode)]
        static IntPtr FindWindow(String^ lpClassName, String^ lpWindowName);
    public:
        // Activate an application window.
        [DllImport("USER32.DLL")]
        static bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);

        // Send a series of key presses to the Calculator application.
    private:
        void button1_Click(Object^ sender, EventArgs^ e)
        {
            // Get a handle to the Calculator application. The window class
            // and window name were obtained using the Spy++ tool.
            IntPtr calculatorHandle = FindWindow("SciCalc", "Calculator");

            // Verify that Calculator is a running process.
            if (calculatorHandle == IntPtr::Zero)
            {
                MessageBox::Show("Calculator is not running.");
                return;
            }

            // Make Calculator the foreground application and send it
            // a set of calculations.
            SetForegroundWindow(calculatorHandle);
            SendKeys::SendWait("111");
            SendKeys::SendWait("*");
            SendKeys::SendWait("11");
            SendKeys::SendWait("=");
        }

示例

下面的代码示例是前面代码示例的完整应用。

Imports System
Imports System.Runtime.InteropServices
Imports System.Drawing
Imports System.Windows.Forms

Namespace SimulateKeyPress

    Class Form1
        Inherits Form
        Private WithEvents button1 As New Button()

        <STAThread()> _
        Public Shared Sub Main()
            Application.EnableVisualStyles()
            Application.Run(New Form1())
        End Sub

        Public Sub New()
            button1.Location = New Point(10, 10)
            button1.TabIndex = 0
            button1.Text = "Click to automate Calculator"
            button1.AutoSize = True
            Me.Controls.Add(button1)
        End Sub

        ' Get a handle to an application window.
        Declare Auto Function FindWindow Lib "USER32.DLL" ( _
            ByVal lpClassName As String, _
            ByVal lpWindowName As String) As IntPtr

        ' Activate an application window.
        Declare Auto Function SetForegroundWindow Lib "USER32.DLL" _
            (ByVal hWnd As IntPtr) As Boolean

        ' Send a series of key presses to the Calculator application.
        Private Sub button1_Click(ByVal sender As Object, _
            ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles button1.Click

            ' Get a handle to the Calculator application. The window class
            ' and window name were obtained using the Spy++ tool.
            Dim calculatorHandle As IntPtr = FindWindow("SciCalc", "Calculator")

            ' Verify that Calculator is a running process.
            If calculatorHandle = IntPtr.Zero Then
                MsgBox("Calculator is not running.")
                Return
            End If

            ' Make Calculator the foreground application and send it 
            ' a set of calculations.
            SetForegroundWindow(calculatorHandle)
            SendKeys.SendWait("111")
            SendKeys.SendWait("*")
            SendKeys.SendWait("11")
            SendKeys.SendWait("=")
        End Sub

        ' Send a key to the button when the user double-clicks anywhere 
        ' on the form.
        Private Sub Form1_DoubleClick(ByVal sender As Object, _
            ByVal e As EventArgs) Handles Me.DoubleClick

            ' Send the enter key to the button, which raises the click 
            ' event for the button. This works because the tab stop of 
            ' the button is 0.
            SendKeys.Send("{ENTER}")
        End Sub

    End Class
End Namespace

using System;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Windows.Forms;

namespace SimulateKeyPress
{
    class Form1 : Form
    {
        private Button button1 = new Button();

        [STAThread]
        public static void Main()
        {
            Application.EnableVisualStyles();
            Application.Run(new Form1());
        }

        public Form1()
        {
            button1.Location = new Point(10, 10);
            button1.TabIndex = 0;
            button1.Text = "Click to automate Calculator";
            button1.AutoSize = true;
            button1.Click += new EventHandler(button1_Click);

            this.DoubleClick += new EventHandler(Form1_DoubleClick);
            this.Controls.Add(button1);
        }

        // Get a handle to an application window.
        [DllImport("USER32.DLL", CharSet = CharSet.Unicode)]
        public static extern IntPtr FindWindow(string lpClassName,
            string lpWindowName);

        // Activate an application window.
        [DllImport("USER32.DLL")]
        public static extern bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);

        // Send a series of key presses to the Calculator application.
        private void button1_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // Get a handle to the Calculator application. The window class
            // and window name were obtained using the Spy++ tool.
            IntPtr calculatorHandle = FindWindow("SciCalc", "Calculator");

            // Verify that Calculator is a running process.
            if (calculatorHandle == IntPtr.Zero)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("Calculator is not running.");
                return;
            }

            // Make Calculator the foreground application and send it 
            // a set of calculations.
            SetForegroundWindow(calculatorHandle);
            SendKeys.SendWait("111");
            SendKeys.SendWait("*");
            SendKeys.SendWait("11");
            SendKeys.SendWait("=");
        }

        // Send a key to the button when the user double-clicks anywhere 
        // on the form.
        private void Form1_DoubleClick(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            // Send the enter key to the button, which raises the click 
            // event for the button. This works because the tab stop of 
            // the button is 0.
            SendKeys.Send("{ENTER}");
        }
    }
}

#using <System.Drawing.dll>
#using <System.Windows.Forms.dll>
#using <System.dll>

using namespace System;
using namespace System::Runtime::InteropServices;
using namespace System::Drawing;
using namespace System::Windows::Forms;

namespace SimulateKeyPress
{

    public ref class Form1 : public Form
    {
    public:
        Form1()
        {
            Button^ button1 = gcnew Button();
            button1->Location = Point(10, 10);
            button1->TabIndex = 0;
            button1->Text = "Click to automate Calculator";
            button1->AutoSize = true;
            button1->Click += gcnew EventHandler(this, &Form1::button1_Click);

            this->DoubleClick += gcnew EventHandler(this, 
                &Form1::Form1_DoubleClick);
            this->Controls->Add(button1);
        }

        // Get a handle to an application window.
    public:
        [DllImport("USER32.DLL", CharSet = CharSet::Unicode)]
        static IntPtr FindWindow(String^ lpClassName, String^ lpWindowName);
    public:
        // Activate an application window.
        [DllImport("USER32.DLL")]
        static bool SetForegroundWindow(IntPtr hWnd);

        // Send a series of key presses to the Calculator application.
    private:
        void button1_Click(Object^ sender, EventArgs^ e)
        {
            // Get a handle to the Calculator application. The window class
            // and window name were obtained using the Spy++ tool.
            IntPtr calculatorHandle = FindWindow("SciCalc", "Calculator");

            // Verify that Calculator is a running process.
            if (calculatorHandle == IntPtr::Zero)
            {
                MessageBox::Show("Calculator is not running.");
                return;
            }

            // Make Calculator the foreground application and send it
            // a set of calculations.
            SetForegroundWindow(calculatorHandle);
            SendKeys::SendWait("111");
            SendKeys::SendWait("*");
            SendKeys::SendWait("11");
            SendKeys::SendWait("=");
        }

        // Send a key to the button when the user double-clicks anywhere
        // on the form.
    private:
        void Form1_DoubleClick(Object^ sender, EventArgs^ e)
        {
            // Send the enter key to the button, which triggers the click
            // event for the button. This works because the tab stop of
            // the button is 0.
            SendKeys::Send("{ENTER}");
        }
    };
}

[STAThread]
int main()
{
    Application::EnableVisualStyles();
    Application::Run(gcnew SimulateKeyPress::Form1());
}

编译代码

此示例要求：

对 System、System.Drawing 和 System.Windows.Forms 程序集的引用。

有关从 Visual Basic 或 Visual C# 的命令行生成此示例的信息，请参见从命令行生成 (Visual Basic) 或在命令行上使用 csc.exe 生成。也可以通过将代码粘贴到新项目中，使用 Visual Studio 生成此示例。如何：使用 Visual Studio 编译和运行完整的 Windows 窗体代码示例
 如何：使用 Visual Studio 编译和运行完整的 Windows 窗体代码示例
 如何：使用 Visual Studio 编译和运行完整的 Windows 窗体代码示例
 如何：使用 Visual Studio 编译和运行完整的 Windows 窗体代码示例
 如何：使用 Visual Studio 编译和运行完整的 Windows 窗体代码示例

请参见

其他资源

Windows 窗体中的用户输入