CryptoStream 类

定义

public ref class CryptoStream : System::IO::Stream

public class CryptoStream : System.IO.Stream

[System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)]
public class CryptoStream : System.IO.Stream

type CryptoStream = class
    inherit Stream
    interface IDisposable

[<System.Runtime.InteropServices.ComVisible(true)>]
type CryptoStream = class
    inherit Stream
    interface IDisposable

Public Class CryptoStream
Inherits Stream

继承

Object

Stream

CryptoStream

继承

Object

MarshalByRefObject

Stream

CryptoStream

属性

ComVisibleAttribute

实现

IDisposable

示例

以下示例演示如何使用 CryptoStream 来加密字符串。 此方法使用具有指定 Key 和初始化向量（IV）的 Aes 类。

using System;
using System.IO;
using System.Security.Cryptography;

class AesExample
{
    public static void Main()
    {
        try
        {
            string original = "Here is some data to encrypt!";

            // Create a new instance of the Aes class.
            // This generates a new key and initialization vector (IV).
            using (Aes myAes = Aes.Create())
            {
                // Encrypt the string to an array of bytes.
                byte[] encrypted = EncryptStringToBytes(original, myAes.Key, myAes.IV);

                // Decrypt the bytes to a string.
                string roundtrip = DecryptStringFromBytes(encrypted, myAes.Key, myAes.IV);

                // Display the original data and the decrypted data.
                Console.WriteLine("Original:   {0}", original);
                Console.WriteLine("Round trip: {0}", roundtrip);
            }
        }
        catch (Exception e)
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", e.Message);
        }
    }

    static byte[] EncryptStringToBytes(string plainText, byte[] Key, byte[] IV)
    {
        // Check arguments.
        if (plainText == null || plainText.Length <= 0)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(plainText));
        if (Key == null || Key.Length <= 0)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(Key));
        if (IV == null || IV.Length <= 0)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(IV));
        byte[] encrypted;

        // Create a Aes object with the specified key and IV.
        using (Aes aesAlg = Aes.Create())
        {
            aesAlg.Key = Key;
            aesAlg.IV = IV;

            // Create an encryptor to perform the stream transform.
            ICryptoTransform encryptor = aesAlg.CreateEncryptor(aesAlg.Key, aesAlg.IV);

            // Create the streams used for encryption.
            using (MemoryStream msEncrypt = new())
            {
                using (CryptoStream csEncrypt = new(msEncrypt, encryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write))
                {
                    using (StreamWriter swEncrypt = new(csEncrypt))
                    {
                        // Write all data to the stream.
                        swEncrypt.Write(plainText);
                    }
                    encrypted = msEncrypt.ToArray();
                }
            }
        }

        // Return the encrypted bytes from the memory stream.
        return encrypted;
    }

    static string DecryptStringFromBytes(byte[] cipherText, byte[] Key, byte[] IV)
    {
        // Check arguments.
        if (cipherText == null || cipherText.Length <= 0)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(cipherText));
        if (Key == null || Key.Length <= 0)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(Key));
        if (IV == null || IV.Length <= 0)
            throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(IV));

        // Declare the string used to hold the decrypted text.
        string plaintext = null;

        // Create a Aes object with the specified key and IV.
        using (Aes aesAlg = Aes.Create())
        {
            aesAlg.Key = Key;
            aesAlg.IV = IV;

            // Create a decryptor to perform the stream transform.
            ICryptoTransform decryptor = aesAlg.CreateDecryptor(aesAlg.Key, aesAlg.IV);

            // Create the streams used for decryption.
            using (MemoryStream msDecrypt = new(cipherText))
            {
                using (CryptoStream csDecrypt = new(msDecrypt, decryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Read))
                {
                    using (StreamReader srDecrypt = new(csDecrypt))
                    {

                        // Read the decrypted bytes from the decrypting stream
                        // and place them in a string.
                        plaintext = srDecrypt.ReadToEnd();
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        return plaintext;
    }
}

Imports System.IO
Imports System.Security.Cryptography

Class AesExample

    Public Shared Sub Main()
        Try
            Dim original As String = "Here is some data to encrypt!"

            ' Create a new instance of the Aes class.
            ' This generates a new key and initialization vector (IV).
            Using myAes = Aes.Create()

                ' Encrypt the string to an array of bytes.
                Dim encrypted As Byte() = EncryptStringToBytes(original, myAes.Key, myAes.IV)

                ' Decrypt the bytes to a string.
                Dim roundtrip As String = DecryptStringFromBytes(encrypted, myAes.Key, myAes.IV)

                'Display the original data and the decrypted data.
                Console.WriteLine("Original:   {0}", original)
                Console.WriteLine("Round Trip: {0}", roundtrip)
            End Using
        Catch e As Exception
            Console.WriteLine("Error: {0}", e.Message)
        End Try
    End Sub

    Shared Function EncryptStringToBytes(ByVal plainText As String, ByVal Key() As Byte, ByVal IV() As Byte) As Byte()
        ' Check arguments.
        If plainText Is Nothing OrElse plainText.Length <= 0 Then
            Throw New ArgumentNullException(NameOf(plainText))
        End If
        If Key Is Nothing OrElse Key.Length <= 0 Then
            Throw New ArgumentNullException(NameOf(Key))
        End If
        If IV Is Nothing OrElse IV.Length <= 0 Then
            Throw New ArgumentNullException(NameOf(IV))
        End If
        Dim encrypted() As Byte

        ' Create an Aes object with the specified key and IV.
        Using aesAlg = Aes.Create()

            aesAlg.Key = Key
            aesAlg.IV = IV

            ' Create an encryptor to perform the stream transform.
            Dim encryptor As ICryptoTransform = aesAlg.CreateEncryptor(aesAlg.Key, aesAlg.IV)
            ' Create the streams used for encryption.
            Using msEncrypt As New MemoryStream()
                Using csEncrypt As New CryptoStream(msEncrypt, encryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Write)
                    Using swEncrypt As New StreamWriter(csEncrypt)

                        ' Write all data to the stream.
                        swEncrypt.Write(plainText)
                    End Using
                    encrypted = msEncrypt.ToArray()
                End Using
            End Using
        End Using

        ' Return the encrypted bytes from the memory stream.
        Return encrypted

    End Function 'EncryptStringToBytes

    Shared Function DecryptStringFromBytes(
        ByVal cipherText() As Byte,
        ByVal Key() As Byte,
        ByVal IV() As Byte) As String
        ' Check arguments.
        If cipherText Is Nothing OrElse cipherText.Length <= 0 Then
            Throw New ArgumentNullException(NameOf(cipherText))
        End If
        If Key Is Nothing OrElse Key.Length <= 0 Then
            Throw New ArgumentNullException(NameOf(Key))
        End If
        If IV Is Nothing OrElse IV.Length <= 0 Then
            Throw New ArgumentNullException(NameOf(IV))
        End If

        ' Declare the string used to hold the decrypted text.
        Dim plaintext As String = Nothing

        ' Create an Aes object with the specified key and IV.
        Using aesAlg = Aes.Create()
            aesAlg.Key = Key
            aesAlg.IV = IV

            ' Create a decryptor to perform the stream transform.
            Dim decryptor As ICryptoTransform = aesAlg.CreateDecryptor(aesAlg.Key, aesAlg.IV)

            ' Create the streams used for decryption.
            Using msDecrypt As New MemoryStream(cipherText)
                Using csDecrypt As New CryptoStream(msDecrypt, decryptor, CryptoStreamMode.Read)
                    Using srDecrypt As New StreamReader(csDecrypt)
                        ' Read the decrypted bytes from the decrypting stream
                        ' and place them in a string.
                        plaintext = srDecrypt.ReadToEnd()
                    End Using
                End Using
            End Using
        End Using

        Return plaintext

    End Function 'DecryptStringFromBytes 
End Class

注解

公共语言运行时使用面向流的加密设计。 此设计的核心是 CryptoStream。 任何实现 CryptoStream 的加密对象都可以与实现 Stream的任何对象链接在一起，以便可以将一个对象的流式输出馈送到另一个对象的输入中。 中间结果（第一个对象的输出）不需要单独存储。

使用完 Clear 方法后，应始终显式关闭 CryptoStream 对象。 这样做会刷新基础流，并导致 CryptoStream 对象处理所有剩余的数据块。 但是，如果在调用 Close 方法之前发生异常，则 CryptoStream 对象可能不会关闭。 若要确保始终调用 Close 方法，请将调用置于 try/catch 语句的 finally 块中 Clear 方法。

此类型实现 IDisposable 接口。 使用完该类型后，应通过调用其 Clear 方法（进而调用其 IDisposable 实现）直接或间接释放该类型。 若要直接释放类型，请在 try/catch 块中调用其 Clear 方法。 若要间接处理它，请使用语言构造（如 using（在 C# 中）或 Using（在 Visual Basic 中）。

构造函数

属性

方法

显式接口实现

扩展方法

适用于

另请参阅

• 加密服务
• DeflateStream、GZipStream 和 CryptoStream 中的部分读取和零字节读取