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Applies to: 
SQL Server
Azure SQL Database
Azure SQL Managed Instance
SQL analytics endpoint in Microsoft Fabric
Warehouse in Microsoft Fabric
This function returns the checksum of the values in a group. CHECKSUM_AGG ignores null values. The OVER clause can follow CHECKSUM_AGG.
Transact-SQL syntax conventions
Syntax
CHECKSUM_AGG ( [ ALL | DISTINCT ] expression )
Arguments
ALL
Applies the aggregate function to all values. ALL is the default argument.
DISTINCT
Specifies that CHECKSUM_AGG returns the checksum of unique values.
expression
An integer expression. CHECKSUM_AGG does not allow use of aggregate functions or subqueries.
Return types
Returns the checksum of all expression values as int.
Remarks
CHECKSUM_AGG can detect changes in a table.
The CHECKSUM_AGG result does not depend on the order of the rows in the table. Also, CHECKSUM_AGG functions allow the use of the DISTINCT keyword and the GROUP BY clause.
If an expression list value changes, the list checksum value list will also probably change. However, a small possibility exists that the calculated checksum will not change.
CHECKSUM_AGG has functionality similar to that of other aggregate functions. For more information, see Aggregate Functions (Transact-SQL).
Examples
These examples use CHECKSUM_AGG to detect changes in the Quantity column of the ProductInventory table in the AdventureWorks2022 database.
--Get the checksum value before the column value is changed.
SELECT CHECKSUM_AGG(CAST(Quantity AS INT))
FROM Production.ProductInventory;
GO
Here's the result set.
------------------------
262
UPDATE Production.ProductInventory
SET Quantity=125
WHERE Quantity=100;
GO
--Get the checksum of the modified column.
SELECT CHECKSUM_AGG(CAST(Quantity AS INT))
FROM Production.ProductInventory;
Here's the result set.
------------------------
287