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Test-Connection

Module:
Microsoft.PowerShell.Management Module

Sends ICMP echo request packets, or pings, to one or more computers.

Syntax

DefaultPing (Default) 

Test-Connection
    [-TargetName] <string[]>
    [-Ping]
    [-IPv4]
    [-IPv6]
    [-ResolveDestination]
    [-Source <string>]
    [-MaxHops <int>]
    [-Count <int>]
    [-Delay <int>]
    [-BufferSize <int>]
    [-DontFragment]
    [-Quiet]
    [-TimeoutSeconds <int>]
    [<CommonParameters>]

RepeatPing 

Test-Connection
    [-TargetName] <string[]>
    -Repeat
    [-Ping]
    [-IPv4]
    [-IPv6]
    [-ResolveDestination]
    [-Source <string>]
    [-MaxHops <int>]
    [-Delay <int>]
    [-BufferSize <int>]
    [-DontFragment]
    [-Quiet]
    [-TimeoutSeconds <int>]
    [<CommonParameters>]

TraceRoute 

Test-Connection
    [-TargetName] <string[]>
    -Traceroute
    [-IPv4]
    [-IPv6]
    [-ResolveDestination]
    [-Source <string>]
    [-MaxHops <int>]
    [-Quiet]
    [-TimeoutSeconds <int>]
    [<CommonParameters>]

MtuSizeDetect 

Test-Connection
    [-TargetName] <string[]>
    -MtuSize
    [-IPv4]
    [-IPv6]
    [-ResolveDestination]
    [-Quiet]
    [-TimeoutSeconds <int>]
    [<CommonParameters>]

TcpPort 

Test-Connection
    [-TargetName] <string[]>
    -TcpPort <int>
    [-IPv4]
    [-IPv6]
    [-ResolveDestination]
    [-Source <string>]
    [-Count <int>]
    [-Delay <int>]
    [-Repeat]
    [-Quiet]
    [-TimeoutSeconds <int>]
    [-Detailed]
    [<CommonParameters>]

Description

The Test-Connection cmdlet sends Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request packets, or pings, to one or more remote computers and returns the echo response replies. You can use this cmdlet to determine whether a particular computer can be contacted across an IP network.

You can use the parameters of Test-Connection to specify both the sending and receiving computers, to run the command as a background job, to set a time-out and number of pings, and to configure the connection and authentication.

Unlike the familiar ping command, Test-Connection returns a TestConnectionCommand+PingStatus object that you can investigate in PowerShell. The Quiet parameter returns a Boolean value in a System.Boolean object for each tested connection. If multiple connections are tested, an array of Boolean values is returned.

Examples

Example 1: Send echo requests to a remote computer

This example sends echo request packets from the local computer to the Server01 computer.

Test-Connection -TargetName Server01 -IPv4

   Destination: Server01

Ping Source           Address                   Latency BufferSize Status
                                                   (ms)        (B)
---- ------           -------                   ------- ---------- ------
   1 ADMIN1           10.59.137.44                   24         32 Success
   2 ADMIN1           10.59.137.44                   39         32 Success
   3 ADMIN1           *                               *          * TimedOut
   4 ADMIN1           10.59.137.44                   28         32 Success

Test-Connection uses the TargetName parameter to specify the Server01 computer. The IPv4 parameter specifies the protocol for the test.

A series of TestConnectionCommand+PingStatus objects are sent to the output stream, one object per ping reply from the target machine.

Example 2: Send echo requests to several computers

This example sends pings from the local computer to several remote computers.

Test-Connection -TargetName Server01, Server02, Server12

Example 3: Use parameters to customize the test command

This example uses the parameters of Test-Connection to customize the command. The local computer sends a ping test to a remote computer.

Test-Connection -TargetName Server01 -Count 3 -Delay 2 -MaxHops 255 -BufferSize 256

Test-Connection uses the TargetName parameter to specify Server01. The Count parameter specifies three pings are sent to the Server01 computer with a Delay of 2-second intervals.

You might use these options when the ping response is expected to take longer than usual, either because of an extended number of hops or a high-traffic network condition.

Example 4: Run a test as a background job

This example shows how to run a Test-Connection command as a PowerShell background job.

$job = Start-Job -ScriptBlock { Test-Connection -TargetName (Get-Content -Path "Servers.txt") }
$Results = Receive-Job $job -Wait

The Start-Job command uses the Test-Connection cmdlet to ping many computers in an enterprise. The value of the TargetName parameter is a Get-Content command that reads a list of computer names from the Servers.txt file. The command uses the Start-Job cmdlet to run the command as a background job and it saves the job in the $job variable.

The Receive-Job command is instructed to -Wait until the job is completed, and then gets the results and stores them in the $Results variable.

Example 5: Create a session only if a connection test succeeds

This example creates a session on the Server01 computer only if at least one of the pings sent to the computer succeeds.

if (Test-Connection -TargetName Server01 -Quiet) { New-PSSession -ComputerName Server01 }

The Test-Connection cmdlet pings the Server01 computer, with the Quiet parameter provided. The resulting value is $true if any of the four pings succeed. If none of the pings succeed, the value is $false.

If the Test-Connection command returns a value of $true, the command uses the New-PSSession cmdlet to create the PSSession.

Example 6: Use the Traceroute parameter

Introduced in PowerShell 6.0, the Traceroute parameter maps a route between the local computer and the remote destination you specify with the TargetName parameter.

Test-Connection -TargetName www.google.com -Traceroute

   Target: google.com

Hop Hostname                  Ping Latency Status           Source       TargetAddress
                                      (ms)
--- --------                  ---- ------- ------           ------       -------------
  1 172.20.0.1                   1       4 Success          Lira         172.217.9.174
  1 172.20.0.1                   2       3 Success          Lira         172.217.9.174
  1 172.20.0.1                   3       2 Success          Lira         172.217.9.174
  2 12.108.153.193               1       3 Success          Lira         172.217.9.174
  2 12.108.153.193               2       3 Success          Lira         172.217.9.174
  2 12.108.153.193               3       2 Success          Lira         172.217.9.174
  3 12.244.85.177                1      11 Success          Lira         172.217.9.174
  3 12.244.85.177                2      12 Success          Lira         172.217.9.174
  3 12.244.85.177                3      12 Success          Lira         172.217.9.174
  4 *                            1      14 DestinationNetw… Lira         172.217.9.174
  4 *                            2       * TimedOut         Lira         172.217.9.174
  4 *                            3      20 DestinationNetw… Lira         172.217.9.174
  5 *                            1       * TimedOut         Lira         172.217.9.174
  5 *                            2      15 DestinationNetw… Lira         172.217.9.174
  5 *                            3       * TimedOut         Lira         172.217.9.174
  6 *                            1      18 DestinationNetw… Lira         172.217.9.174
  6 *                            2       * TimedOut         Lira         172.217.9.174
  6 *                            3      16 DestinationNetw… Lira         172.217.9.174
  7 *                            1       * TimedOut         Lira         172.217.9.174
  7 *                            2       * TimedOut         Lira         172.217.9.174
  7 *                            3       * TimedOut         Lira         172.217.9.174
  8 *                            1       * TimedOut         Lira         172.217.9.174
  8 *                            2       * TimedOut         Lira         172.217.9.174
  8 *                            3       * TimedOut         Lira         172.217.9.174
  9 *                            1       * TimedOut         Lira         172.217.9.174
  9 *                            2       * TimedOut         Lira         172.217.9.174
  9 *                            3       * TimedOut         Lira         172.217.9.174
 10 *                            1       * TimedOut         Lira         172.217.9.174
 10 *                            2       * TimedOut         Lira         172.217.9.174
 10 *                            3       * TimedOut         Lira         172.217.9.174
 11 172.217.9.174                1      23 Success          Lira         172.217.9.174
 11 172.217.9.174                2      21 Success          Lira         172.217.9.174
 11 172.217.9.174                3      22 Success          Lira         172.217.9.174

The Test-Connection command is called with the Traceroute parameter. The results, which are [Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.TestConnectionCommand+TraceStatus] objects, are output to the Success output stream.

Example 7: Get detailed output for a TCP connection test

When you use the Detailed parameter, this cmdlet returns a detailed information about the status of the TCP connection attempts.

Test-Connection bing.com -TCPPort 443 -Detailed -Count 4

   Target: bing.com

Id Source     Address           Port Latency(ms) Connected Status
-- ------     -------           ---- ----------- --------- ------
 1 circumflex 2620:1ec:c11::200  443          12 True      Success
 2 circumflex 2620:1ec:c11::200  443          14 True      Success
 3 circumflex 2620:1ec:c11::200  443          17 True      Success
 4 circumflex 2620:1ec:c11::200  443          17 True      Success

Parameters

-BufferSize

Specifies the size, in bytes, of the buffer sent with this command. The default value is 32.

Parameter properties

Type:Int32
Default value:32
Supports wildcards:False
DontShow:False
Aliases:Size, Bytes, BS

Parameter sets

DefaultPing
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False
RepeatPing
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False

-Count

Specifies the number of echo requests to send. The default value is 4.

Parameter properties

Type:Int32
Default value:4
Supports wildcards:False
DontShow:False

Parameter sets

DefaultPing
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False
TcpPort
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False

-Delay

Specifies the interval between pings, in seconds.

Parameter properties

Type:Int32
Default value:None
Supports wildcards:False
DontShow:False

Parameter sets

DefaultPing
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False
RepeatPing
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False
TcpPort
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False

-Detailed

When you use the Detailed parameter, this cmdlet returns a detailed information about the status of the TCP connection attempts.

This parameter was added in PowerShell 7.4.

Parameter properties

Type:SwitchParameter
Default value:False
Supports wildcards:False
DontShow:False

Parameter sets

TcpPort
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False

-DontFragment

This parameter sets the Don't Fragment flag in the IP header. You can use this parameter with the BufferSize parameter to test the Path MTU size. For more information about Path MTU, see the Path MTU Discovery article in wikipedia.

Parameter properties

Type:SwitchParameter
Default value:False
Supports wildcards:False
DontShow:False

Parameter sets

DefaultPing
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False
RepeatPing
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False

-IPv4

Forces the cmdlet to use the IPv4 protocol for the test.

Parameter properties

Type:SwitchParameter
Default value:False
Supports wildcards:False
DontShow:False

Parameter sets

(All)
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False

-IPv6

Forces the cmdlet to use the IPv6 protocol for the test.

Parameter properties

Type:SwitchParameter
Default value:False
Supports wildcards:False
DontShow:False

Parameter sets

(All)
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False

-MaxHops

Sets the maximum number of hops that an ICMP request message can be sent. The default value is controlled by the operating system. The default value for Windows 10 and higher is 128 hops.

Parameter properties

Type:Int32
Default value:128
Supports wildcards:False
DontShow:False
Aliases:Ttl, TimeToLive, Hops

Parameter sets

DefaultPing
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False
RepeatPing
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False
TraceRoute
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False

-MtuSize

This parameter is used to discover the Path MTU size. The cmdlet returns a PingReply#MTUSize object that contains the Path MTU size to the target. For more information about Path MTU, see the Path MTU Discovery article in wikipedia.

Parameter properties

Type:SwitchParameter
Default value:False
Supports wildcards:False
DontShow:False
Aliases:MtuSizeDetect

Parameter sets

MtuSizeDetect
Position:Named
Mandatory:True
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False

-Ping

Causes the cmdlet to do a ping test. This is the default mode for the Test-Connection cmdlet.

Parameter properties

Type:SwitchParameter
Default value:True
Supports wildcards:False
DontShow:False

Parameter sets

DefaultPing
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False
RepeatPing
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False

-Quiet

The Quiet parameter returns a Boolean value. Using this parameter suppresses all errors.

Each connection that's tested returns a Boolean value. If the TargetName parameter specifies multiple computers, an array of Boolean values is returned.

If any ping to a given target succeeds, $true is returned.

If all pings to a given target fail, $false is returned.

Parameter properties

Type:SwitchParameter
Default value:False
Supports wildcards:False
DontShow:False

Parameter sets

(All)
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False

-Repeat

Causes the cmdlet to send ping requests continuously. When the value of TargetName is an array of targets, the cmdlet repeats the ping requests for the first target only. It ignores the remaining targets. This parameter can't be used with the Count parameter.

Parameter properties

Type:SwitchParameter
Default value:False
Supports wildcards:False
DontShow:False
Aliases:Continuous

Parameter sets

RepeatPing
Position:Named
Mandatory:True
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False
TcpPort
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False

-ResolveDestination

Causes the cmdlet to attempt to resolve the DNS name of the target. When used in conjunction with the Traceroute parameter, the DNS names of all intermediate hosts will also be retrieved, if possible.

Parameter properties

Type:SwitchParameter
Default value:False
Supports wildcards:False
DontShow:False

Parameter sets

(All)
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False

-Source

Specifies the names of the computers where the ping originates. Enter a comma-separated list of computer names. The default is the local computer.

Note

This parameter is not supported in PowerShell versions 6 and up. Supplying this parameter causes an error.

Parameter properties

Type:String
Default value:Local computer
Supports wildcards:False
DontShow:False

Parameter sets

DefaultPing
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False
RepeatPing
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False
TraceRoute
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False
TcpPort
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False

-TargetName

Specifies the computer(s) to test. Type the computer names or type IP addresses in IPv4 or IPv6 format.

Parameter properties

Type:

String[]

Default value:None
Supports wildcards:False
DontShow:False
Aliases:ComputerName

Parameter sets

(All)
Position:0
Mandatory:True
Value from pipeline:True
Value from pipeline by property name:True
Value from remaining arguments:False

-TcpPort

Specifies the TCP port number on the target to be used in the TCP connection test.

The cmdlet attempts to make a TCP connection to the specified port on the target.

  • The cmdlet returns $true if a connection is made.
  • The cmdlet returns $false if a connection is not made.

Parameter properties

Type:Int32
Default value:None
Supports wildcards:False
DontShow:False

Parameter sets

TcpPort
Position:Named
Mandatory:True
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False

-TimeoutSeconds

Sets the timeout value for the test. The test fails if a response isn't received before the timeout expires. The default is five seconds.

This parameter was introduced in PowerShell 6.0.

Parameter properties

Type:Int32
Default value:5 seconds
Supports wildcards:False
DontShow:False

Parameter sets

(All)
Position:Named
Mandatory:False
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False

-Traceroute

Causes the cmdlet to do a traceroute test. When this parameter is used, the cmdlet returns a TestConnectionCommand+TraceStatus object.

Parameter properties

Type:SwitchParameter
Default value:False
Supports wildcards:False
DontShow:False

Parameter sets

TraceRoute
Position:Named
Mandatory:True
Value from pipeline:False
Value from pipeline by property name:False
Value from remaining arguments:False

CommonParameters

This cmdlet supports the common parameters: -Debug, -ErrorAction, -ErrorVariable, -InformationAction, -InformationVariable, -OutBuffer, -OutVariable, -PipelineVariable, -ProgressAction, -Verbose, -WarningAction, and -WarningVariable. For more information, see about_CommonParameters.

Inputs

None

You can't pipe objects to this cmdlet.

Outputs

Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.TestConnectionCommand+PingStatus

By default, this cmdlet returns a TestConnectionCommand+PingStatus object for each ping reply.

Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.TestConnectionCommand+TraceStatus

When you use the Traceroute parameter, this cmdlet returns a TestConnectionCommand+TraceStatus object for each ping reply along the route.

Boolean

When you use the Quiet or TcpPort parameters, this cmdlet returns a Boolean value. If the cmdlet tests multiple connections, it returns an array of Boolean values.

Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.TestConnectionCommand+PingMtuStatus

When you use the MtuSize parameter, this cmdlet returns a TestConnectionCommand+PingMtuStatus object for each ping reply.

Microsoft.PowerShell.Commands.TestConnectionCommand+TcpPortStatus

When you use the Detailed parameter, this cmdlet returns a TestConnectionCommand+TcpPortStatus object that shows the status of the TCP connection.

Notes

On Linux, using the BufferSize parameter or any combination of parameters with the MtuSize parameter set that results in a non-default buffer size of 32 bytes may require sudo. In those cases, Test-Command raises an exception with a message indicating that sudo is required.