Run Bicep deployment script privately over a private endpoint

With the Microsoft.Resources/deploymentScripts resource API version 2023-08-01, you can run deployment scripts privately within an Azure Container Instance (ACI).

Configure the environment

In this setup, the ACI created by deployment script runs within a virtual network and obtains a private IP address. It then establishes a connection to a new or pre-existing storage account via a private endpoint. The containerSettings/subnetIds property specifies the ACI that must be deployed in a subnet of the virtual network.

To run deployment scripts privately, you need the following infrastructure as seen in the architecture diagram:

• Create a virtual network with two subnets:
  • A subnet for the private endpoint.
  • A subnet for the ACI, this subnet needs a Microsoft.ContainerInstance/containerGroups delegation.
• Create a storage account without public network access.
• Create a private endpoint within the virtual network configured with the file sub-resource on the storage account.
• Create a private DNS zone privatelink.file.core.windows.net and register the private endpoint IP address as an A record. Link the private DNS zone to the created virtual network.
• Create a user-assigned managed identity with Storage File Data Privileged Contributor permissions on the storage account and specify it in the identity property in the deployment script resource. To assign the identity, see Identity.
• The ACI resource is created automatically by the deployment script resource.

The following Bicep file configures the infrastructure required for running a deployment script privately:

@maxLength(10) // Required maximum length, because the storage account has a maximum of 26 characters
param namePrefix string
param location string = resourceGroup().location
param userAssignedIdentityName string = '${namePrefix}Identity'
param storageAccountName string = '${namePrefix}stg${uniqueString(resourceGroup().id)}'
param vnetName string = '${namePrefix}Vnet'
param deploymentScriptName string = '${namePrefix}ds'

var roleNameStorageFileDataPrivilegedContributor = '69566ab7-960f-475b-8e7c-b3118f30c6bd'
var vnetAddressPrefix = '192.168.4.0/23'
var subnetEndpointAddressPrefix = '192.168.4.0/24'
var subnetACIAddressPrefix = '192.168.5.0/24'

resource managedIdentity 'Microsoft.ManagedIdentity/userAssignedIdentities@2024-11-30' = {
  name: userAssignedIdentityName
  location: location
}

resource storageAccount 'Microsoft.Storage/storageAccounts@2024-01-01' = {
  name: storageAccountName
  kind: 'StorageV2'
  location: location
  sku: {
    name: 'Standard_LRS'
  }
  properties: {
    publicNetworkAccess: 'Disabled'
    networkAcls: {
      defaultAction: 'Deny'
      bypass: 'AzureServices'
    }
  }
}

resource privateEndpoint 'Microsoft.Network/privateEndpoints@2024-05-01' = {
   name: storageAccount.name
   location: location
   properties: {
    privateLinkServiceConnections: [
      {
        name: storageAccount.name
        properties: {
          privateLinkServiceId: storageAccount.id
          groupIds: [
            'file'
          ]
        }
      }
    ]
    customNetworkInterfaceName: '${storageAccount.name}-nic'
    subnet: {
      id: virtualNetwork::privateEndpointSubnet.id
    }
   }
}

resource storageFileDataPrivilegedContributorReference 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleDefinitions@2022-04-01' existing = {
  name: roleNameStorageFileDataPrivilegedContributor
  scope: tenant()
}

resource roleAssignment 'Microsoft.Authorization/roleAssignments@2022-04-01' = {
  name: guid(storageFileDataPrivilegedContributorReference.id, managedIdentity.id, storageAccount.id)
  scope: storageAccount
  properties: {
    principalId: managedIdentity.properties.principalId
    roleDefinitionId: storageFileDataPrivilegedContributorReference.id
    principalType: 'ServicePrincipal'
  }
}

resource privateDnsZone 'Microsoft.Network/privateDnsZones@2024-06-01' = {
  name: 'privatelink.file.core.windows.net'
  location: 'global'

  resource virtualNetworkLink 'virtualNetworkLinks' = {
    name: uniqueString(virtualNetwork.name)
    location: 'global'
    properties: {
      registrationEnabled: false
      virtualNetwork: {
        id: virtualNetwork.id
      }
    }
  }

  resource resRecord 'A' = {
    name: storageAccount.name
    properties: {
      ttl: 10
      aRecords: [
        {
          ipv4Address: first(first(privateEndpoint.properties.customDnsConfigs)!.ipAddresses)
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

resource virtualNetwork 'Microsoft.Network/virtualNetworks@2024-05-01' = {
  name: vnetName
  location: location
  properties:{
    addressSpace: {
      addressPrefixes: [
        vnetAddressPrefix
      ]
    }
  }

  resource privateEndpointSubnet 'subnets' = {
    name: 'PrivateEndpointSubnet'
    properties: {
      addressPrefixes: [
        subnetEndpointAddressPrefix
      ]
    }
  }

  resource containerInstanceSubnet 'subnets' = {
    name: 'ContainerInstanceSubnet'
    properties: {
      addressPrefix: subnetACIAddressPrefix
      delegations: [
        {
          name: 'containerDelegation'
          properties: {
            serviceName: 'Microsoft.ContainerInstance/containerGroups'
          }
        }
      ]
    }
  }
}

resource privateDeploymentScript 'Microsoft.Resources/deploymentScripts@2023-08-01' = {
  name: deploymentScriptName
  dependsOn: [
    privateEndpoint
    privateDnsZone::virtualNetworkLink
  ]
  location: location
  kind: 'AzurePowerShell'
  identity: {
    type: 'UserAssigned'
    userAssignedIdentities: {
      '${managedIdentity.id}' : {}
    }
  }
  properties: {
    storageAccountSettings: {
      storageAccountName: storageAccount.name
    }
    containerSettings: {
      subnetIds: [
        {
          id: virtualNetwork::containerInstanceSubnet.id
        }
      ]
    }
    azPowerShellVersion: '14.0'
    retentionInterval: 'P1D'
    scriptContent: 'Write-Host "Hello World!"'
  }
}

The ACI downloads container images from the Microsoft Container Registry. If you use a firewall, allowlist the URL mcr.microsoft.com to download the image. Failure to download the container image results in the ACI entering a waiting state, eventually leading to a timeout error.

Next steps

In this article, you learned how to run deployment scripts over a private endpoint. To learn more: