WPF crashed unexpectedly.

Thanks for reaching out. This usually means the application ran out of memory or hit a WPF rendering/graphics resource limit. Here are some possible causes and fixes.

Causes:

       __1.      32-bit Limitation:__ A 32-bit process can only use about 2 GB of memory, even if your machine has more RAM.WPF apps with large visuals, images or complex layouts often hit this limit.

       __2.      Memory leaks:__ If the app isn’t disposing of bitmaps, bushes or controls properly, memory usage can grow until a crash.

        __3.      High Resolution images or too many UI elements:__ WPF uses both system RAM and GPU memory. Large bitmaps (like high-DPI images) or controls in large numbers can overwhelm it.

        4.      __Driver or rendering issue__: Sometimes, outdated graphics drivers can trigger WPF rendering crashes.

Fixes/Workarounds:

        __1.      Switch to 64-bit build:__

                 ·         If possible, recompile the ap as x64 instead of x86.

                 ·         This removes the 2GB memory cap and allows better handling of large visuals.

        __2.      Enable Large address aware (LAA) (if staying 32-bit)__

                 ·         Mark the executable as Large Address Aware, so it can use up to 4 GB memory on a 64-bit OS.

        __3.      Optimize images & resources__

                 ·         Scale down image size before loading.

                 ·         Use DecodePixelWidth / DecodePixelHeight when loading bitmaps.

                 ·         Dispose unused BitmapSource objects.

       __4.      Virtualizing panels__

                 ·         For large lists/grids, use VirtualizingStackPanel so not all UI elements are loaded into memory.

       __5.      Check for memory leaks__

                 ·         Use tools like dotMemory, ANTS Memory Profiler, or Visual Studio Diagnostic tools to check what’s consuming memory.

       __6.      Update drivers & .NET Framework__

                ·         Ensure graphics drivers are up to date.

                ·         Consider updating to .NET framework 4.8 or .NET Core WPF (if migration is possible.

Here’s the official Microsoft documentation on WPF performance and memory issues:

Optimize app performance - WPF | Microsoft Learn

Let me know if you need any further help with this. We'll be happy to assist.

If you find this helpful, please mark this as answered.

Exceptions and situations in which the software stops responding occur in a UI thread if the WPF render thread experiences a fatal error. These errors have several possible causes, but the render thread doesn't share that information together with the UI thread. Because these errors are not related to a single root bug or issue, they have no specific solution.

You can try the solutions:

1. Disable Hardware rendering. Use the DisableHWAcceleration registry value that's discussed in Disable Hardware Acceleration Option. This action affects all WPF applications on your computer. Take this step only to test whether your problem is related to graphics hardware or drivers. If it is, you can work around the problem by programmatically disabling hardware acceleration at a more granular level. This step can be done on a per-window basis by using the HwndTarget.RenderMode property, or on a per-process basis by using the RenderOptions.ProcessRenderMode property.
2. Update your video drivers, or try different video hardware on the problem computers.
3. Upgrade to the latest version and service pack level of Microsoft .NET Framework that's available for your target platform.
4. Upgrade to the latest operating system.
5. Disable the ability to use Windows.AllowsTransparency and Popup.AllowsTransparency in your application.
6. If System.OutOfMemoryExceptions are reported, monitor the process memory usage in Performance Monitor. In particular, monitor the Process\Virtual Bytes, Process\Private Bytes, and .NET CLR Memory# Bytes in All Heaps counters. Also monitor the User Objects and GDI Objects for the process in Windows Task Manager. If you determine that a specific resource is being exhausted, troubleshoot the application to fix the excessive resource consumption. As a guideline, follow the two remarks in the previous section about resource-allocation issues.
7. If you have a reproducible scenario that occurs across platforms or in different video hardware or driver combinations, you might have a WPF bug. Make sure that you collect enough information to enable an investigation before you report the issue to Microsoft. A call stack by itself is not sufficient. We need more detailed information, such as:
   • A full VS solution that includes steps to reproduce the issue, including a description of the environment (OS, .NET, and graphics).
   • A Time-Travel Debugging trace of the issue.
   • A full crash dump file.

Refer: Troubleshoot WPF render thread failures.