Thanks for posting your question in the Microsoft Q&A forum.
The phone number in Intune does not auto-update after a SIM/number change and cannot be edited. To update it, the device must be wiped and re-enrolled.
- Remove the device from Intune.
- Insert the new SIM/number.
- Factory reset the iPhone.
- Re-enroll via the Company Portal.
If the number is used for MFA, update it separately in Azure AD security info.
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